ABSTRACT
We report a case of polyvalvar disease and recurrent thrombosis in a 2-year-old boy due to primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. His diagnosis was delayed, and he was treated for other diagnoses, including culture-negative endocarditis. Primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is rarely discussed in the pediatric cardiology literature, and this case highlights the need for early diagnosis to prevent recurrent valve dysfunction and thrombosis.
Subject(s)
Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/diagnosis , Heart Valve Diseases/etiology , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects , Thrombosis/etiology , Antibodies, Anticardiolipin/immunology , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/immunology , Diagnostic Errors , Heart Valve Diseases/surgery , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Male , Recurrence , Thrombosis/immunology , Thrombosis/therapyABSTRACT
The safety and efficacy of low-fat diets in children and adolescents were evaluated through a systematic review of the current literature. Eight major studies were reviewed. The safety of the diets was judged by measures of growth and development and by meeting nutritional requirements. The efficacy of the diets was evaluated by their effect on the plasma levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. All studies except 1 showed that children and adolescents exhibited normal growth and development while on a low-fat diet. In 3 of the studies, nutritional requirements for calcium, zinc, phosphorous and vitamin E were below the recommended daily intake. In each of the 5 studies in which efficacy was determined, a significant decrease in the levels of total or LDL cholesterol was observed. Low-fat diets are generally safe and efficacious when performed under medical supervision.
