Delayed recovery from post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism: a case report.

Thirteen hours after a subtotal thyroidectomy was performed for hyperthyroidism, a patient developed carpopedal spasms, parathesias and hypocalcemia to 6.9 mg/dL. After initial stabilization with intravenous calcium administration, oral calcium carbonate and calcitriol were required. Ten months postoperatively serum calcium levels rose and supplementation was gradually discontinued. The serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was 1.0 pg/mL on the second postoperative day and levels were undetectable despite sensitive testing 3 months later (normal 10-65 pg/mL). Two years after surgery, the PTH level has increased to 36 pg/mL, but remains relatively low considering the patient's continued mild hypocalcemia. To our knowledge, there has been no previously reported case of long-term post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia documenting undetectable parathyroid function and subsequent spontaneous improvement. This case suggests that delayed recovery of parathyroid function and discontinuation of vitamin D and calcium supplementation may be possible in some post-thyroidectomy patients with hypocalcemia due to severe hypoparathyroidism.

Acute adrenal insufficiency presenting as shock after trauma and surgery: three cases and review of the literature.

Profound nonhemorrhagic shock developed in one postoperative and two trauma patients. Cardiovascular collapse was characterized by severe hypotension (systolic blood pressure less than 80 mm Hg), hyperdynamic cardiac indices (CI greater than 4 L/min/m2), low systemic vascular resistance (SVR less than 500 dyne.sec/cm5.m2), and multiple organ failure. Sepsis was not found by culturing of specimens or visual inspection at laparotomy. Screening cortisol levels were low (less than 2 micrograms/dL in two patients) and did not respond appropriately to synthetic ACTH (cosyntropin) challenge. Administration of exogenous glucocorticoids promptly and dramatically reversed shock and organ failure in two patients. Oral glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid supplementation were required at hospital discharge. Acute adrenal insufficiency is rare after trauma, but may produce life-threatening cardiovascular collapse, mimicking the "septic" shock state. Cosyntropin stimulation testing confirms the diagnosis and is accurate in traumatized patients. Outcome is dependent upon early recognition and exogenous glucocorticoid administration. Appropriate endocrine evaluation prevents unnecessary use of steroids in a population of trauma patients who are already in a state of immunosuppression.