ABSTRACT
Nutritional supplements have been recommended to cope with malnutrition in elderly persons. In Chile, the Supplementary Nutrition Program for the Elderly (PACAM, for its Spanish acronym) consists in a monthly distribution of a low-fat-milk-based drink that contains 8% sucrose. The aim of this study was to determine whether older persons consuming the milk-based drink have a higher caries experience when compared to those not receiving the supplement. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Maule Region in Chile. The representative sample comprised two groups: (a) PACAM consumers (CS) (n = 60) and (b) nonconsumers (NCS) (n = 60). Participants received intraoral examination and coronal (DMFT/DMFS) and root caries (RCI index) experience were recorded. Additionally, questionnaires regarding acceptability and consumption habits of PACAM and a 24-h diet recall were applied. The influence of predictors was calculated using binary logistic regression for a dichotomized DMFS and Poisson Regression for root caries lesions. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. No differences were detected in food consumption patterns between study groups (p > 0.05). CS participants had increased dairy product consumption. Higher DMFS mean value was observed in the CS (85.35 ± 39.0) compared with NCS (77.28 ± 28.9) (p = 0.043). The multivariate analysis showed nonconsumers of the milk-based product (ß = -0.41, p = 0.02) are less likely to have root surfaces affected by caries. Additionally, CS show higher RCI, compared to nonconsumers (ß = -0.17, p = 0.02). Daily consumption of a PACAM's milk-based drink supplement seems to increase coronal and root caries risk. Based on these results, composition modification of milk-based drinks with added sucrose appears mandatory.
Subject(s)
Dental Caries , Root Caries , Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Milk , Root Caries/epidemiology , Root Caries/prevention & control , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Caries Susceptibility , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Dental Caries/prevention & control , SucroseABSTRACT
Objetivo: Investigar las percepciones y preocupaciones de los estudiantes de odontología respecto a la pandemia de COVID-19, sus estrategias de afrontamiento, recursos de apoyo y sus niveles de estrés percibidos. Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizó una muestra de estudiantes de odontología chilenos, pertenecientes a un estudio multicéntrico a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta anónima virtual de 20 ítems y la Escala de Estrés Percibido (PSS-10). Se realizó estadística descriptiva, pruebas bivariadas y un modelo de regresión lineal entre las variables. Resultados: Participaron 393 estudiantes (70,7%), mayoritariamente mujeres (N=268, 68,2%). Declaran que la escuela ha realizado moderados esfuerzos para transitar hacia la educación telemática (N=181, 46,2%), considerando estos cambios estresantes (N=270, 68,7%). Manifiestan estar muy preocupados por el impacto en su formación profesional (N=261, 66,6%) y sienten moderado apoyo de la escuela (N=197, 50,1%). PSS fue 21,64 (±6,2) calificando como estrés moderado, siendo sus predictores el sexo femenino, cursos preclínicos y escaso apoyo de la escuela y familia (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Los niveles de estrés de los estudiantes se ven alterados durante la pandemia, manifiestan estar muy preocupados por el impacto en su formación profesional y tiempo estimado de graduación. Se recomienda realizar intervenciones en salud mental y en el proceso educativo.
Objective: to determine dental students' perceptions and concerns regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore their coping strategies, support resources and perceived stress levels. Methods: Chilean dental students were sampled from a multinational study. An online survey was applied, including 20 items and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were computed. Results: 393 dental students participated (70,7%) and the majority were females (N=268, 68,2%). Students perceived that the school had done moderate efforts for the transition to online education (N=181, 46,2%), considering the changes as stressful (N=270, 68,7%). Students were very worried about how the pandemic impacted their professional training (N=261, 66,6%) and perceived moderate support from the dental school (N=197, 50,1%). The PSS score was 21,64 (±6,2), categorized as moderate stress. Predictors for stress were female, pre-clinical courses and lack of support from the family and from the dental school (p<0,05). Conclusion: Dental students' stress levels have been altered during the pandemic. Students reported high concerns regarding the impact of the pandemic on their professional education and time until graduation. Interventions aiming at students' mental health during the educational process are recommended.
