ABSTRACT
Three anti-inflammatory compounds: nepetin, jaceosidin and hispidulin have been isolated and identified from Eupatorium arnottianum Griseb. dichloromethane extract. Nepetin reduced the TPA mouse ear edema by 46.9% and jaceosidin by 23.2% (1mg/ear). Both compounds inhibited the NF kappaB induction by 91 and 77%, respectively. Furthermore phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract has led to the identification of eriodictyol, hyperoside, rutin, caffeic and chlorogenic acids. All these compounds are reported for the first time in this species. The finding of topical antiinflammatory activity exerted by Eupatorium arnottianum extract and the identification of active principles could support the use of this plant for the treatment of inflammatory affections.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Eupatorium/chemistry , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Caffeic Acids/chemistry , Caffeic Acids/isolation & purification , Caffeic Acids/pharmacology , Carrageenan/toxicity , Cell Survival/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Ear, External/drug effects , Ear, External/pathology , Edema/chemically induced , Edema/prevention & control , Female , Flavanones/chemistry , Flavanones/isolation & purification , Flavanones/pharmacology , Flavones/chemistry , Flavones/isolation & purification , Flavones/pharmacology , Flavonoids/chemistry , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , HeLa Cells , Humans , Jurkat Cells , Mice , Molecular Structure , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Quercetin/analogs & derivatives , Quercetin/chemistry , Quercetin/isolation & purification , Quercetin/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/toxicityABSTRACT
Five Argentine medicinal plants selected according to folk traditional or ethnomedical use, references and primary pharmacological screening; were chosen to elucidate their immunomodulating properties. Dichloromethane, methanolic and aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of Achyrocline flaccida (A. flaccida), Eupatorium arnottianum (E. arnottianum) and Eupatorioum buniifolium (E. buniifolium), leaves of Lithraea molleoides (L. molleoides) and leaves and stems of Phyllanthus sellowianus (P. sellowianus) were analyzed to disclose their effects on murine normal and tumor cell growth as well as on complement hemolytic activity. Modulation of cell growth was evaluated by tritiated thymidine incorporation while inhibition of complement activity was measured on both classical and alternative complement pathways (CP and AP respectively). The results obtained show that most of the extracts exerted inhibitory effect on tumor as well as on mitogen activated normal spleen cell growth. On tumor cells, IC50 ranged between 1-75 microg/ml for most of the extracts with the exception of dichloromethane of L. molleoides and P. sellowianus which required concentrations higher than 100 microg/ml to produce the effect. On mitogenic activated splenocytes, IC50 ranged between < 1 to 85 microg/ml with the exception of methanolic extract of E. buniifolium or P. sellowianus which were not effective on ConA or LPS stimulated splenocytes respectively. Only E. buniifolium was active on murine normal splenocytes proliferation (IC50 0.5-1.5 microg/ml). Finally, one (7%) of 15 extracts showed inhibition of complement activity on CP and 6 extracts (40%) presented moderate activity on CP. The dichloromethane extract of E. arnottianum was the most active (IC50 5 microg/ml), although remarkable effect was also obtained with dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of P. sellowianus (IC50 11.2 and 17.3 microg/ml respectively). Besides, 2 extracts (13%), dichloromethane extract of E. arnottianum and aqueous extract of P. sellowianus, showed moderate inhibition on AP.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Magnoliopsida , Medicine, Traditional , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Achyrocline , Anacardiaceae , Animals , Argentina , Cell Division/drug effects , Complement Hemolytic Activity Assay , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Eupatorium , Female , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Phyllanthus , Rabbits , Sheep/blood , Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effectsABSTRACT
Fifteen extracts from nine selected Argentine medicinal plants were tested for their antiplasmodial activity in vitro by assessing their ability to inhibit the uptake of [3H]-hypoxanthine into the Plasmodium falciparum K1 pyrimethamine/chloroquine resistant strain. The methanol extract of Satureja parvifolia showed good antiplasmodial activity (IC(50) 3 microg/ml). Inhibition of the growth of P. falciparum was also observed with aqueous extracts of Buddleja globosa and S. parvifolia.
Subject(s)
Antimalarials/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Animals , Argentina , Drug Resistance , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Eupatorium laevigatum, E. arnottianum and E. subhastatum, plants used in Argentine folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation and pain related problems, were evaluated for analgesic activity. The infusions of these species (500 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a reduction in the number of stretches of 46.6%, 41.5% and 35.6% respectively, in the acetic acid induced writhing test. This antinociceptive effect of the infusions was not reversed by pretreatment with naloxone. The infusions studied did not produce antinociceptive effects when assayed in the hot plate test. These results suggest that the analgesic activity is exerted by a mechanism unrelated to interaction with opioid systems.
