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1.
Enferm. glob ; 17(52): 36-48, oct. 2018. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-173980

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Alrededor del 7% de los pacientes que ingresan en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) por síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) en España, reingresan de nuevo tiempo después. Objetivos: Identificar posibles causas y factores predisponentes a reingresar en UCI por SCA. Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, comparativo y longitudinal de pacientes ingresados por SCA en una UCI polivalente entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2013. Se recogen variables demográficas, número de ingresos, factores de riesgo al ingreso (dislipemias, hipertensión arterial y diabetes) y hábitos de vida no cardiosaludables (sedentarismo/obesidad, tabaquismo, enolismo) de pacientes que reingresan y se comparan con grupo de control (pacientes que no reingresan). Se realiza test Chi 2 de Pearson y significación estadística. Resultados: Ingresaron 2.506 pacientes por SCA. Reingresaron 140 (5,58%) a los 12,93±16,41 meses después del primer ingreso. Los que reingresan están en UCI 4.97± 3.3 días (4.03±1.8 grupo control) en su primer ingreso. Se adjunta tabla con incidencia de factores de riesgo y hábitos de vida no saludables de ambos grupos. El tabaquismo y enolismo se relacionan con los reingresos (χ²=5.67; p<0.01). Conclusiones: Los pacientes que reingresan, están más días en UCI en su primer ingreso, presentan un menor control de factores de riesgo y menor índice de abandono de hábitos nocivos que el grupo control. El tabaco y el alcohol son factores que favorecen el reingreso. Parece indicar que existe un problema de adherencia terapéutica en la muestra estudiada


Introduction: About 7% of patients admitted in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Spain, are readmitted again later. Objectives: Identify the possible causes and predisposing factors for returning to ICU because of ACS Methodology: Retrospective, descriptive, comparative and longitudinal study of patients admitted for ACS in the ICU between January 2008 and December 2013.Demographic variables, number of admissions, admission risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes) and non heart-healthy life habits (sedentary / obesity, smoking, alcoholism) of patients who come back were collected and were compared with control group (not readmitted patients). Pearson’s Chi 2 test and statistical significance were performed. Results: 2.506 patients were admitted by ACS. Readmissions were 140 (5,58%) after 12,93±16,41 months from their first admission. The ICU’s reentering patients stayed4.97± 3.3 days (4.03±1.8 control group) in their first admission. A table is attached with risk factors' incidence and non heart-healthy life habits of both groups. Smoking and alcoholism habits are related with readmissions (χ²=5.67; p<0.01). Conclusions: The patients who are readmitted stay more days in ICU in their first admission, have less control about risk factors and less quitting index of nocive habits than control group. It seems to exist an adherence therapeutic problem in the sample studied


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Acute Coronary Syndrome/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Case-Control Studies , Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data , Sedentary Behavior , Obesity/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Hypertension/prevention & control
2.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 40(10): 669-674, oct. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-167224

ABSTRACT

La oxigenoterapia de alto flujo es un procedimiento que permite administrar todo el gas inspirado al paciente, humidificado y calentado para mejorar su tolerancia y a una FiO2 constante que puede alcanzar el 1, independientemente de su patrón ventilatorio. Uno de los dispositivos en auge en el mercado es el sistema AIRVO 2(R). El AIRVO 2(R) es un aparato compacto con una turbina integrada. Mediante la conexión a un caudalímetro de oxígeno de 30 litros y una bolsa de agua estéril, el sistema es fácilmente configurable mediante una pantalla con 5 botones. La conexión al paciente se realiza mediante una tubuladura calefactada y una interfase, siendo la más utilizada una cánula nasal. Otras interfases permiten adaptarlo a la traqueotomía del paciente o a una mascarilla. Ha demostrado su eficacia en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria hipoxémica, sin hipercapnia, como soporte tras una extubación precoz, en pacientes posquirúrgicos, en apneas del sueño o en reagudizaciones de la insuficiencia cardiaca. Para lograr una técnica segura y eficaz, la enfermera debe conocer las ventajas del procedimiento y estar formada en la aplicación, mantenimiento y retirada del sistema AIRVO 2(R) (AU)


High-flow oxygen therapy is a procedure that allows for heating and humidifying all inspired gas administered to patients, improving tolerance and a constant FiO2 that can reach 1, regardless of their breathing pattern. One of the market's current booming devices is known as AIRVO 2TM system. AIRVO 2(TM) is a compact unit with an integrated turbine. Connected to a 30 liter oxygen flow meter and a sterile water bag, the system is easily configurable by means of a 5-button display. The connection to the patient is made through a heated nozzle and an interface, being a nasal cannula the most commonly used. Other interfaces allow for adaptation to the patient's tracheotomy or to a mask. It has demonstrated its effectiveness in patients with hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency, without hypercapnia, as a support after early extubation, post-surgical patients, sleep apnea and exacerbations of heart failure. To achieve safe and effective skills, nurses must be aware of AIRVO 2(TM) system's advantages and procedure, and should be trained in its implementation, maintenance and withdrawal (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/nursing , Critical Care/methods , Nursing Care/standards , 50303 , Emergencies
3.
Rev Enferm ; 39(2): 40-4, 2016 Feb.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27101650

ABSTRACT

CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) is to establish a supraatmosferica pressure throughout the respiratory cycle on which the patient vent spontaneously. Its use improves the clinical and gasometrics parameters when applied with appropriate selection criteria in the context of respiratory failure acute (IRA) hypoxemic. It has been demonstrated that applying CPAP early, decreases the need for intubation and associated complications, as well as survival, reducing health care costs and hospital stay. The use of valve Boussignac for applying a CPAP is spreading especially in the delivered environment and emergencies as a device not mechanical, simple, easy to use and transport, which can manage enough pressures to manage the patient hypoxemia. Its application is so simple that it does not need a comprehensive training and general care does not differ from other methods of mechanical ventilation noninvasive (adapted). In fact, already exist in Spain ambulances equipped with this device that can be applied and managed only by the nurse.


Subject(s)
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/instrumentation , Algorithms , Equipment Design , Humans
4.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 39(2): 112-116, feb. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-149498

ABSTRACT

La CPAP (presión positiva continua en la vía aérea) consiste en establecer una presión supraatmosférica durante todo el ciclo respiratorio sobre la que el paciente ventila de forma espontánea. Su uso mejora los parámetros clínicos y gasométricos cuando se aplica con criterios adecuados de selección en el contexto de la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) hipoxémica. Está demostrado que aplicar la CPAP precozmente disminuye la necesidad de intubación y las complicaciones asociadas, mejora la supervivencia y reduce la estancia hospitalaria y el coste asistencial. La utilización de la válvula de Boussignac para aplicar una CPAP se está extendiendo especialmente en el ambiente extrahospitalario y de urgencias por ser un dispositivo no mecánico, sencillo, de fácil aplicación y transporte, que puede administrar presiones suficientes para manejar al paciente hipoxémico [1]. Su aplicación es tan sencilla que no precisa un adiestramiento exhaustivo y los cuidados generales no difieren de otros métodos de ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI). De hecho, ya existen en España ambulancias medicalizadas dotadas con este dispositivo, que la enfermera puede aplicar y manejar ella sola (AU)


CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) is to establish a supraatmosferica pressure throughout the respiratory cycle on which the patient vent spontaneously. Its use improves the clinical and gasometrics parameters when applied with appropriate selection criteria in the context of respiratory failure acute (IRA) hypoxemic. It has been demonstrated that applying CPAP early, decreases the need for intubation and associated complications, as well as survival, reducing health care costs and hospital stay. The use of valve Boussignac for applying a CPAP is spreading especially in the delivered environment and emergencies as a device not mechanical, simple, easy to use and transport, which can manage enough pressures to manage the patient hypoxemia [1]. Its application is so simple that it does not need a comprehensive training and general care does not differ from other methods of mechanical ventilation noninvasive (adapted). In fact, already exist in Spain ambulances equipped with this device that can be applied and managed only by the nurse (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/instrumentation , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , Respiratory Insufficiency/nursing , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/nursing , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/statistics & numerical data , Blood Gas Analysis/methods , Blood Gas Analysis/nursing , Respiratory Protective Devices/trends
5.
Rev. Rol enferm ; 37(10): 674-678, oct. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-128027

ABSTRACT

La Ventilación Asistida Ajustada Neuronalmente (NAVA) es un modo revolucionario de ventilación mecánica (VM) basado en la utilización de la señal obtenida de la actividad eléctrica diafragmática (Edi) para el control del ventilador o respirador mecánico. Se ha demostrado que esta señal eléctrica es representativa de la activación del diafragma, representa directamente el impulso ventilatorio central y refleja la duración, frecuencia e intensidad con que el paciente desea ventilar. Para captar el impulso eléctrico diafragmático se requieren unos electrodos específicos insertados en una sonda nasogástrica. Esta modalidad requiere de un seguimiento por parte del personal de enfermería, tanto para su colocación y posicionamiento correctos como para los cuidados derivados de esta sonda nasogástrica (sonda Edi) (AU)


Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) is a new mode of mechanic ventilation and it’s based on the electrical signal of the diaphragm activity (Edi) for the ventilation control. This signal directly represents the central ventilatory drive reflecting the duration, frequency and intensity that the patient wants to ventilate. To capture the diaphragmatic electrical impulse, is required some specific electrodes inserted in a probe nasogastric tube. For this mode, depending upon proper placement positioning and care (probe Edi), the nurse is essential for their proper functioning (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Interactive Ventilatory Support/instrumentation , Interactive Ventilatory Support/nursing , Interactive Ventilatory Support , Nursing Care/methods , Nursing Care/organization & administration , Nursing Care/standards , Nursing Care/trends , Nursing Care , Intubation, Gastrointestinal/nursing
6.
Rev Enferm ; 37(10): 42-6, 2014 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26118013

ABSTRACT

Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA) is a new mode of mechanic ventilation and it's based on the electrical signal of the dia- phragm activity (Edi) for the ventilation control. This signal directly represents the central ventilatory drive reflecting the duration, frequency and intensity that the patient wants to ventilate. To capture the diaphragmatic electrical impulse, is required some specific electrodes inserted in a probe nasogastric tube. For this mode, depending upon proper placement positioning and care (probe Edi), the nurse is essential for their proper functioning.


Subject(s)
Interactive Ventilatory Support , Equipment Design , Humans , Interactive Ventilatory Support/instrumentation , Interactive Ventilatory Support/methods
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