[The Fuenlabrada's study: tobacco as cardiovascular risk factor in children and adolescents]. / Estudio de Fuenlabrada: el tabaco como factor de riesgo cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes.

Smoking habits were studied in 1,274 healthy adolescents of both sexes, aged 10 to 18 years, of Fuenlabrada, Madrid. It was known by personal interview. 30% of the population were smokers. Smoking habits increased with age up to 18 years when 63% of males and 53% of females were smokers. Smoking prevalence was significantly higher among males than in females. Males and females smokers had significantly lower levels of C-HDL and higher levels of C-LDL/C-HDL ratio than non smokers. No differences were observed for anthropometric variables, body mass index, blood pressure, skin-fold thickness, total cholesterol, glucemia and uric acid. The implications of these findings are of concern in light of the apparently protective role of C-HDL in coronary heart disease. These findings provide valuable information to the promotion of antismoking campaigns in adolescent age.

[Fuenlabrada study: lipid and lipoprotein levels in children and adolescents associated with ischemic cardiopathy prevalence among their relatives]. / Estudio de Fuenlabrada: asociación entre los niveles de lípidos y lipoproteínas en niños y adolescentes con la prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica en sus familiares.

The prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was studied in parents and grandparents of 2,419 children surveyed for lipid levels. Children and their families were divided into 3 groups depending on the level of each lipid and lipoprotein studied in children: high greater than or equal to 95 percentile (p), medium 5-95 p, and low less than 5 p. Total cholesterol (Chol) and triglycerides (TG) were determined by enzymatic techniques in autoanalyzer. C-HDL was determined by precipitation method. C-LDL and C-VLDL were obtained by Friedewald-Fredrickson's equation. The prevalence of CHD in parents and grandparents was ascertained from clinical history. Fathers of children in the high groups of Chol, TG, C-LDL/C-HDL, and low group of C-HDL had increased prevalence of CHD compared with those of the low groups of Chol, TG, C-LDL, C-LDL/C-HDL and high group of C-HDL. The strongest association was with C-HDL. Maternal and paternal grandfathers of children in the high groups of Chol had also increased prevalence of CHD compared with those of low group of Chol. There was no association with any other variable. The association was not significant neither in mothers nor in maternal and paternal grandmothers. Childhood lipid and lipoprotein levels could identify families at elevated risk for CHD.