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1.
Chemosphere ; 87(6): 625-30, 2012 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22349060

ABSTRACT

The photocatalytic elimination of microorganisms from indoor air in realistic conditions and the feasibility of simultaneous elimination of chemical contaminants have been studied at laboratory scale. Transparent polymeric monoliths have been coated with sol-gel TiO(2) films and used as photocatalyst to treat real indoor air in a laboratory-scale single-step annular photocatalytic reactor. The analytical techniques used to characterize the air quality and analyze the results of the photocatalytic tests were: colony counting, microscopy and PCR with subsequent sequencing for microbial quantification and identification; automated thermal desorption coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection for chemical analysis. The first experiments performed proved that photocatalysis based on UVA-irradiated TiO(2) for the reduction of the concentration of bacteria in the air could compete with the conventional photolytic treatment with UVC radiation, more expensive and hazardous. Simultaneously to the disinfection, the concentration of volatile organic compounds was greatly reduced, which adds value to this technology for real applications. The fungal colony number was not apparently modified.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/chemistry , Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis , Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods , Air Microbiology , Disinfection/instrumentation , Disinfection/methods , Environmental Restoration and Remediation/instrumentation , Photochemical Processes , Titanium/chemistry , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis , Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry
2.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 104(34): 13728-31, 2007 Aug 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17699615

ABSTRACT

A common drawback in evolutionary science is the fact that the evolution of organisms occurs in geological timing, completely out of the time scale of laboratory experimental work. For this reason, some relevant hypotheses on evolution of Metazoans are based on correlations more than on experimental data obtained for testing the robustness of those hypotheses. In the current work, we implement an experimental methodology to analyze the role of infections as a driving force in the evolution of Metazoans (Haldane's hypothesis). To that goal, we have used simple models of virulence with short reproduction times, large populations, and that are easily testable in the laboratory. Using the bacteriovirus nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism under evolution and their infection by the environmental opportunistic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the selective force, we have demonstrated that bacterial infection selects an evolved nematode lineage resistant to infection, with changes in its respiration and capability of consuming novel food resources. Using an experimental approach, we show that infection is a selective force in the evolution of Metazoans as proposed earlier by Haldane.


Subject(s)
Biological Evolution , Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics , Models, Genetic , Animals , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism , Kinetics , Mutation/genetics , Oxygen/metabolism
3.
Vaccimonitor ; 12(2)abr.-jun.2003.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-23029

ABSTRACT

De los trabajos presentados acerca de las formas cocoides de Helicobacter pylori se deduce una controversia mucho mayor que la resultante del mero estudio clínico de este microorganismo. Parece claro que existe una convensión tanto in vivo como in vitro de las formas espirales a las formas cocoides inducidas por varios motivos, como cultivos prolongados, estrés físico y químico, y agentes antimicrobianos. en esta revisión repasamos los puntos de vista que han dividido a investigadores de esta área en dos grupos bien definidos(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , In Vitro Techniques , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter Infections
4.
Vaccimonitor ; 12(1)ene.-mar. 2003.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-23884

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades bacterianas son generalmente consideradas como problemas sanitarios serios, sin embargo, pueden a menudo solucionarse mediante una simple terapia antibiótica. Mucho más complicada es la curación de enfermedades fúngicas y virales. Muchos cánceres se pueden curar si el diagnóstico es temprano, pero la mayoría tienen un remedio casi tan perjudicial como la misma enfermedad. Otras enfermedades como las autoinmunes o las que afectan el corazón, simplemente son controladas, tratando de paliar los síntomas con medicamentos normalmente muy costosos. Por tanto, tenemos que comprender la sorpresa de la comunidad médica, cuando una enfermedad por mucho tiempo pensada incurable aunque controlable, se vio que estaba causada por una bacteria. Más aún, cuando desde siempre se había pensado que el microambiente del estómago era demasiado extremo como para albergar vida microbiana. Helicobacter pylori es la principal responsable de la formación de úlceras en la población mundial. Su capacidad de colonización y adaptación a ambientes hostiles le ha permitido sobrevivir y crecer en las condiciones adversas que ofrece el estómago. En esta revisión se resumen brevemente aspectos importantes de la historia del descubrimiento de tan relevante microorganismo, así como algunas características moleculares y clínicas de la patología que causa(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , /pathogenicity , /isolation & purification , /transmission , Helicobacter Infections
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