ABSTRACT
We compared the effects of relaxation therapy in hypertensive patients taking placebo, a beta-blocker (atenolol, 100 mg/d), or a diuretic (chlorthalidone, 50 mg/d), and we also compared the effects of relaxation therapy with the effects of the latter two drugs alone. Blood pressures were measured not only in the relaxation therapists' office and at a hypertension clinic, but also in the patient's environment by means of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings. The effect of relaxation therapy, while statistically significant, was modest. There was no generalization of effect to ambulatory blood pressure. Atenolol was significantly more effective than relaxation in reducing both systolic and diastolic pressure. Chlorthalidone was significantly more effective than relaxation in reducing systolic but not diastolic pressure in the hypertension clinic only. The long-term effects of relaxation were independent of concomitant drug use, but within the actual relaxation sessions blood pressure dropped further during chlorthalidone than during placebo or atenolol treatment.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Hypertension/therapy , Relaxation Therapy , Adult , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Blood Pressure , Chlorthalidone/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Physiologic , Placebos , Pulse , Renin/blood , Sodium/urineABSTRACT
Rats given streptozotocin showed varying degrees of glucose intolerance, ranging from mild to overt symptoms of diabetes mellitus. After being deprived of food overnight, both mild and overt diabetics consumed more food than controls did during 5-hr or 7-hr feeding tests. All animals ate large amounts of food during the first hour of the tests, but both groups of diabetics began to eat again sooner than controls did. Rats demonstrating the greatest degree of glucose intolerance before the test ate the most during the test. These and other findings suggest that feeding by diabetic rats after an overnight fast is an inverse function of their residual capacity for glucose utilization, which occurs despite elevations in blood glucose levels, and is not simply a compensatory response to glucose loss in urine. A modified glucostatic hypothesis is proposed in which insulin may normally promote satiety by influencing peripheral metabolism and making ingested calories utilizable.
Subject(s)
Eating/drug effects , Insulin/blood , Satiation/drug effects , Streptozocin/pharmacology , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood , Energy Intake/drug effects , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
Studies were designed to assess the accuracy of urine glucose testing in a sample of juvenile diabetic subjects, and to determine the effects of a visual discrimination training procedure on the accuracy. In the first study, each of 81 juvenile-diabetic children was presented three prepared glucose solutions and asked to determine the glucose concentration using the 2-Drop Clinitest method. Results showed errors in 54.3% of the judgments, with greatest difficulty occurring with 1-g/dl concentrations. The majority of errors were false negatives. Study II involved similar testing accuracy on a sample of 10 nurses and 2 research technicians, before and after a visual discrimination training procedure. Results showed that the subjects were incorrect on 39% of the trials initially, with a reduction in the error rate to less than 19% after training.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/urine , Glycosuria , Adolescent , Autoanalysis , Child , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Hemoglobin A/analysis , Humans , Male , Methods , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Reagent StripsABSTRACT
In confirmation of previous observations, lesions of the lateral preoptic area in rats abolished water ingestion during a 4-hr test following an intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic NaCl solution. However, it was observed that these animals increased their water intakes when tests were prolonged to 24 hr and drank almost exactly what they needed for osmoregulation. Furthermore, they increased their water intakes normally when NaCl was given in their diet, when NaCl was administered intravenously, or when they were water deprived and given preloads of isotonic saline to remove hypovolemia. These findings indicate that rats with lateral preoptic lesions do experience osmoregulatory thirst, and consequently, they raise new doubts about whether osmoreceptors located in the lateral preoptic area mediate thirst following the administration of osmotic loads.
