Equus caballus papillomavirus Type 7 is a rare cause of equine penile squamous cell carcinomas.

Penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common, potentially life-threatening neoplasms of horses. They are well-recognized to be caused by Equus caballus papillomavirus (EcPV) type 2, although EcPV2 cannot be detected in all cases. A 23-year-old standardbred gelding developed multiple penile in situ and invasive SCCs that contained histological evidence of PV infection. By using both consensus and specific PCR primers, these lesions were found to contain EcPV7 DNA, but not DNA from EcPV2 or any other PV type. To determine how frequently EcPV7 is present in equine penile SCCs, specific primers were used to detect EcPV2 and EcPV7 in a series of 20 archived samples. EcPV7 was the only PV detected in one, both EcPV2 and 7 were detected in five, and only EcPV2 was detected in 14 SCCs. EcPV7 DNA was also detected in three of 10 archived oropharyngeal SCCs, although only as a co- infection with EcPV2. This is the first report of EcPV7 causing disease in horses. These results suggest EcPV7 could cause a subset of equine penile SCCs, and this is the first evidence that PV types other than EcPV2 can cause these neoplasms. The detection of EcPV7 in the oropharyngeal SCCs suggests a potential role of this PV type in the development of these SCCs. There were no clinical or histological features that differentiated lesions containing EcPV7 DNA from those containing EcPV2 DNA. If EcPV7 causes a proportion of equine penile SCCs, vaccines to prevent EcPV2 infection may not prevent all equine penile SCCs.

Can fetal magnetic resonance imaging aid prognosis in gastroschisis: A multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the contribution and impact of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in managing fetal gastroschisis. METHODS: We conducted an observational retrospective study of gastroschisis patients at three fetal medicine centers from 2008 to 2019. The primary endpoint was the number of cases in which the MRI provided relevant information related to gastroschisis. RESULTS: A total of 189 patients were included, and our study group included 38 patients who underwent MRI. For the eight patients with suspected gastroschisis, MRI confirmed the diagnosis. In six cases, it provided additional relevant information (spiral turn, intestine ischemia, and bowel size discrepancy). For the 17 patients with ultrasound signs of additional gastrointestinal anomalies, MRI detected one case of unidentified complex gastroschisis on sonography. For the 13 patients undergoing routine MRI, no significant information was obtained. One termination of pregnancy and one fetoscopy were performed a few days after the MRI results. There was no subsequent follow-up or additional bowel complications to support management. CONCLUSION: Although MRI did not change the management of pregnancies complicated by fetal gastroschisis, patients presenting with fetal gastroschisis with intraabdominal bowel dilatation could benefit from MRI to allow for more precise prenatal counseling to predict postnatal intestinal complications before birth.

Ultrasound features of fetal toxoplasmosis: A contemporary multicenter survey in 88 fetuses.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the lesions detected by prenatal ultrasound examination in congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all cases of fetal infection with Toxoplasma gondii with ultrasound anomalies described by fetal medicine experts in 2009 to 2019 in 30 French centers. RESULTS: Eighty-eight cases of CT were included. Forty-five (51.1%) had one or more cerebral signs only, 35 (39.8%) had cerebral plus extracerebral signs and 8 (9.1%) had extracerebral signs only. The main cerebral signs were intracranial hyperechogenic nodular foci (n = 60) of which 20 were isolated, ventriculomegalies (n = 44) which generally increased during follow-up, and periventricular abscesses (n = 12). The main extracerebral signs were hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly (n = 14), small for gestational age (n = 14), ascites (n = 14, including 2 with hydrops), and hyperechogenic bowel (n = 11). Maternal infection occurred mostly in the first or second trimester (81 cases), periconceptionally in one and in the third trimester in six cases. The first ultrasound signs were detected after a median of 7 weeks (range: 1.4; 24.0) following maternal toxoplasmosis seroconversion. CONCLUSION: While no sign was specific of CT, there were typical associations of cerebral signs with or without extracerebral signs. Detailed ultrasound examination could improve prognostic evaluation, as well as diagnosis of CT in settings lacking serological screening.

Case report on early treatment with valaciclovir after maternal primary cytomegalovirus infection.

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the main cause of congenital viral infections. Current guidelines do not include any recommendation about antenatal treatment. Most studies that evaluate the efficacy of valaciclovir aim to treat infected symptomatic fetus but the benefit of anti-CMV therapy remains unclear. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of cytomegalovirus seroconversion during the second trimester of pregnancy. Early treatment with valaciclovir was introduced, associated with a close monitoring of maternal CMV viremia. The virus was no longer detected in maternal blood soon after the beginning of antiviral therapy. Valaciclovir was stopped at 24 + 5 WG after negative prenatal diagnosis but CMV viremia was still monitored in maternal blood until the end of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The neonate was not infected and remained asymptomatic. It suggests that early treatment with valaciclovir 8 g per day could be effective in quickly reducing maternal viral load and lowering the risk of vertical CMV transmission.