ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To perform a multiparametric evaluation of the oral health of 36 children with type 1 diabetes. STUDY DESIGN: A group of type 1 diabetic children and a sex-age-matched control group were formed. Seven parameters were evaluated: probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index (O'Laery index), calculus index (according to Ramfjord), dental caries (using ICDAS), salivary pH and unstimulated salivary flow rate. Statistical analysis was performed and the significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: Both groups consisted of 36 children with a mean age of 13 years. With regard to bleeding on probing, plaque index and calculus index, higher values were obtained in the diabetic group and the differences between groups were statistically significant for all three parameters. Concerning dental caries and salivary parameters, there were no significant differences between groups. However, a statistically significant correlation between salivary parameters and metabolic control was found. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that type 1 diabetic children are associated with some risk factors related to periodontal disease and dental caries. The proven relationship between diabetes and oral health complications imposes the need for these patients to be integrated into preventive dental programs from a young age.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Oral Health , Adolescent , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Female , Health Status , Humans , Male , PortugalABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypodontia and its distribution by sex, arch and quadrant, through the analysis of panoramic radiographs from the pediatric population of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Oporto, in Portugal. Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 1,438 patients of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Oporto (714 boys and 724 girls between the ages of 6 and 15) were evaluated to determine the occurrence and distribution of tooth agenesis. Chi-square and Fisher?s Exact Tests were performed. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 8% (excluding the third molar). Hypodontia was found in the mandible of 74 patients (64.3%). The most commonly missing teeth were the mandibular second premolars (28.6%). The maxilla had 52.3% of the dental agenesis detected. Similarity in the distribution of missing teeth between left and right sides of the dental arches was also detected. The prevalence of oligodontia was 0.42% and the average number of missing teeth per affected child was 2.31. There were no statistically significant differences between sexes. Conclusion: In a pediatric population of 1,438 patients, the prevalence of hypodontia was 8% (excluding the third molar). The results are consistent with those previously described in different populations.
Objetivo: Realizar um estudo epidemiológico sobre as agenesias dentárias, através da análise radiográfica de uma população pediátrica da Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, definindo a sua prevalência e conhecendo a sua distribuição por sexo, arcada e quadrante. Métodos: As radiografias panorâmicas de 1.438 pacientes da Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto (714 do sexo masculino e 724 do sexo feminino, de idades compreendidas entre os 6 e os 15 anos) foram analisadas para determinar a ocorrência e distribuição de agenesias dentárias. A análise estatística foi realizada através da aplicação do Teste do Qui-quadrado de independência e do Teste Exato de Fisher, utilizando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de hipodontia foi de 8,0% (excluindo o 3º molar). Foram identificados 74 pacientes (64,3%) com agenesias na mandíbula. Ospré-molares inferiores foram os dentes com maior frequência de agenesia (28,6%). A maxila continha 52,3% das agenesias detetadas. Não foi detetada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o lado esquerdo e direito das arcadas. A prevalência de oligodontia foi de 0,42% e obteve-se uma média de 2,31 dentes ausentes por paciente afetado. Não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na variávelsexo. Conclusão: Numa população de 1438 pacientes pediátricos, 8,0% apresentaram agenesias dentárias (excluindo o 3º molar). Os resultados obtidos enquadram-se nos anteriormente descritos em diferentes populações.
