ABSTRACT
Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de ureia e glicerina bruta como aditivos na ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar, na composição químico-bromatológica, pH, N-amoniacal (N-NH3) e digestibilidade in vitro (DIV). Os tratamentos foram quatro doses de ureia, 0, 10, 20 e 30 g de ureia por kg de cana-de-açúcar na ensilagem, e cinco doses de glicerina bruta, 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40g de glicerina bruta por kg de cana-de-açúcar na ensilagem. As silagens foram armazenadas por 180 dias. O tratamento com ureia afetou a maioria das variáveis relacionadas ao valor nutritivo, aumentando os teores de matéria seca (MS) e proteína (PB) (2,58; 7,76; 18,70 e 19,31%), reduzindo os teores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e melhorando a DIV da MS (42,61; 48,53; 50,69 e 51,18%) e FDN (38,81; 39,23; 41,06 e 43,46%), e as características fermentativas da silagem, apresentando valores de pH de 3,49; 3,86; 4,18 e 3,93 e de N-NH3 de 1,72; 3,80; 7,88 e 9,00, para as dose de 0, 10, 20 e 30 g, respectivamente. A glicerina bruta aumentou os teores de MS e extrato etéreo (1,45; 3,03; 3,62; 3,41 e 4,38%), melhorou a DIV da MS com valores de 49,61; 52,24; 53,28; 55,60 e 56,09% e reduziu perdas por gases durante o processo de fermentação, apresentando médias de 6,69; 5,97; 5,89; 5,51 e 5,48% da MS para as doses 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40g, respectivamente. Assim, a ureia e a glicerina bruta podem ser utilizadas como aditivos na ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of urea and crude glycerin as an additive in ensiling of sugar cane, in chemical composition, pH, ammonia-N (N-NH3) and in vitro digestibility (IVD). The treatments were four doses of urea 0, 10, 20 and 30 g per kg of sugar cane ensiling and five doses of crude glycerin 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40g per kg of crude glycerin sugar cane ensiling. The silages were stored for 180 days. Treatment with urea affected most variables related to nutritional value, increasing the concentrations of dry matter (DM) and protein (CP) (2.58, 7.76, 18.70 and 19.31%) and reduced levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and improved IVDDM (42.61, 48.53, 50.69 and 51.18%) and NDF (38.81, 39.23, 41.06 and 43.46%) and fermentation characteristics of silage, with pH values of 3.49, 3.86, 4.18 and 3.93 and NH3 1.72, 3.80, 7.88 and 9.00 for the dose of 0, 10, 20 and 30 g, respectively. The crude glycerin increased in DM and ether extract (1.45, 3.03, 3.62, 3.41 and 4.38%), improved IVDDM with values of 49.61, 52.24, 53 28; 55.60 and 56.09% and reduced gas losses during the fermentation process with mean of 6.69, 5.97, 5.89, 5.51 and 5.48% of DM for the doses 0, 10 , 20, 30 and 40g, respectively. Urea and crude glycerin can be used as an additive in ensiling of sugar cane...
Subject(s)
Animals , Glycerol , Saccharum , Silage/analysis , Urea , Gastrointestinal ContentsABSTRACT
Avaliou-se o desempenho de vacas e bezerros desmamados aos 90 (D90) e aos 210 (D210) dias, utilizando-se 36 vacas Beefalo-Nelore, multíparas e seus bezerros, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com 18 repetições, sendo nove machos e nove fêmeas. Aos 90 dias pós-parto os bezerros foram pesados e distribuídos em dois tratamentos, adotando-se para a formação do bloco o peso e o sexo do bezerro. Os dois tratamentos foram creep-feeding (D210) e confinamento (D90). Os bezerros (D210) foram criados em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens e B. humidicula com 48 hectares Os bezerros (D90) foram confinados em 7,95m²/animal e receberam capim elefante picado e concentrado. As médias de consumo de matéria seca do concentrado, do peso ao desmame e do ganho de peso foram 0,56 e 1,69kg/dia; 208,68 e 185,67kg; 0,75 e 0,52kg/dia, respectivamente, para bezerros D210 e D90. Matrizes D90 apresentaram maior peso (448,86kg) aos 210 dias pós-parto. Sugere-se a suplementação excluviva, ou creep-feeding, para desmame de bezerros mais pesados
Performances of cows and calves weaned at 90 (D90) and 210 days of age (D210) were evaluated, using 36 Beefalo-Nelore multiparus cows and their calves, in a randomized block experimental design, with 18 replicates of nine animals of each sex. Calves were allotted to treatments using as criteria to form blocks, the weight and sex of the animal. Calves (D210) were raised in 48ha pasture of Brachiaria decumbens e B. humidicula. Calves (D90) were raised in feedlot condition, in an area of 7.95m² /animal, and were fed chopped elephant grass and concentrate. The average concentrate dry matter intake, weaned body weight and weight gain were, respectively, 0.56 and 1.69kg/day; 208.68 and 185.67kg; 0.75 and 0.52kg/day respectively for D210 e D90 calves. Cows from D90 treatment showed higher body weight (448.86kg) at 210 days post partum. Creep-feeding is suggested for weaning heavier calves
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Cattle , Animal Feed , Cattle/growth & development , Weaning , Weight Gain , Brachiaria , PastureABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influencia da posicao corporal no volume correto e na configuracao toracoabdominal durante o uso de dois diferentes espirometros de incentivo (EI), um orientado a volume (Voldyne) e outro a fluxo (Triflo II). Foram estudado 20 participantes saudaveis, com conhecimento previo da tecnica de espirometria de incentivo. Foram medidos, por meio da pletismografia respiratoria por induntancia calibrada, volume corrente (Vc), ventilacao minuto, frequencia respiratoria, porcentagem do tempo inspiratorio em relacao ao tempo total do ciclo respiratorio, fluxo inspiratorio medio e contribuicao da caixa toracica (CT/Vc por cento) e do abdome (AB/Vc por cento) para o volume corrente. Essas variaveis foram registradas durante periodos de baseline e de uso dos EI,na posicao supino a 30º e a 45º de inclinacao da horizontal. A analise estatistica foi realizada por meio do teste ANOVA, com o pos-teste contraste. Os principais resultados foram: aumento significativo do Vc durante os periodos de espirometria, independente do espirometro de incentivo utilizado ou da posicao corporal, e diminuicao da ( AB/Vc por cento) nos periodos de espirometria em relacao aos periodos de baseline, exceto durante o uso do Voldyne a 30º, em que nao houve diferenca significativa na configuracao toracoabdominal. A influencia da posicao corporal na configuracao tracoabdominal, comparando-se 30º e 45º, so ocorreu durante o uso do Voldyne, sendo que a(AB/Vc por cento) foi maior a 30º. Comparando-se os EI, houve maior (AB/Vc por cento) com o uso do Voldyne, em ambas as posicoes. Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que ha influencia da posicao corporal sobre a configuracao toracoabdominal, nao havendo entretanto, sobre o volume corrente.
Subject(s)
Physical Therapy Specialty , SpirometrySubject(s)
Education, Medical/history , Humanism/history , History, 20th Century , Portugal , UniversitiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess safety and efficacy of ibopamine, 200 mg TID, added to conventional treatment of congestive heart failure. DESIGN: A prospective, longterm, open study over two years (1986-88). A multicenter trial. SETTING: Outpatients of Departments of Internal Medicine of S. Francisco Xavier Hospital and Sta. Maria Hospital, and Departments of Cardiology of Sta. Cruz Hospital and Hospital Militar Principal, Lisbon. PATIENTS AND METHODOLOGY: 63 patients, 49 males from 34 to 80 years (m = 55.6 +/- 11.36) and 14 females from 41 to 80 years (m = 63 +/- 10.2), with congestive heart failure, NYHA class II in 52 patients (82.5%) and NYHA class III in 11 patients (17.5%) with a mean disease duration of 47.9 months entered into the study. Digoxin, diuretics, nitrates and antiarrhythmic drugs were allowed as concomitant therapy. Patients carried out clinical examination, ECG and laboratory tests monthly and X-Ray at the beginning and at the end of each year of the study. RESULTS: 42 patients completed one year of treatment and 20/42 continued for an additional year, 17 patients completed this second year of follow-up. From the 42 patients who completed the first year period, the NYHA class changed from II to I in 17/38 from II to III in 2/38 patients from III to II in 3/4 patients, and from III to IV in one patient. Twenty patients dropped during the first year of treatment. Six for non-compliance (less than 80% of the treatment). Two were submitted to cardiac valve surgery. Seven had cardiovascular clinical events: one ventricular tachycardia, one atrial fibrillation, one pulmonary edema, one patient had no therapeutic effect, two patients had anxiety and fatigue and one patient died suddenly. One diabetic patient had uncontrolled hyperglycemia. One patient had gastric ulcer. Two had nausea and vomiting. Dysrhythmia and nausea and vomiting were the only clinical events, considered, respectively, possibly related and related, to ibopamine. During the second year of treatment 9/11 patients were stabilized in NYHA class I and 6/9 in NYHA class II, one patient changed from class II to class I, and one patient changed from class I to class II of the NYHA. Three patients did not complete the second year of treatment; one due to abnormal creatininemia; one for probable pulmonary embolism with CHF worsening; the third died suddenly. None of these events was considered related to ibopamine. Heart rate, arterial pressure, laboratory values and cardiothoracic index did not vary over the two years of the study. CONCLUSIONS: This has been the first study with data from patients treated with 200 mg TID of ibopamine during two years. Ibopamine has been shown to be a safe and useful drug added to conventional treatment of cardiac heart failure. Clinical events were few and well controlled after ibopamine interruption.
Subject(s)
Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use , Deoxyepinephrine/analogs & derivatives , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Deoxyepinephrine/therapeutic use , Drug Evaluation , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Portugal , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
It is unusual the association between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and atrial septal defect. We present in this paper the results of the tests done to one patient with these two diseases and profit to make an update of the bibliography on this subject.
Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications , Adult , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnosis , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The product of heart rate and blood pressure, (HR x BP), index of the myocardial oxygen consumption, was evaluated on 37 individuals with ages of between 32 and 65 years; 24 had ischemic heart disease with a disease of 1, 2 or 3 vessels, and 13 had non-significant lesions of 1 vessel (less than 75%) or no coronary heart disease (CHD). From the HR x BP correlation with the study of the angiograms of the coronary arteries, we verified that there was no distinction between patients. with CHD with or without an ejection fraction less than 50% or, with or without disturbances of myocardial contractility, and normal individuals. Thus, we believe that in patients with CHD, an excessive increase in the oxygen requirements of the myocardium is not the sole pathogenic mechanism of ischemia.
