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1.
Biomed Chromatogr ; 35(9): e5147, 2021 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33885176

ABSTRACT

Rivaroxaban is an anticoagulant (orally active direct Xa inhibitor) considered to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism and treat deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and other cardiovascular complications. Bioanalytical methods for rivaroxaban quantification in plasma are necessary for application in pharmacokinetic studies, as well as in drug therapeutic monitoring. In this work, we developed and validated a sensitive bioanalytical method using LC-MS/MS for rivaroxaban quantification in human plasma using an one-step liquid-liquid extraction. The linear concentration range was 1-600 ng/mL. The bioanalytical method was also applied to pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers under fasting and fed conditions. The results demonstrated that the method is rapid, sensitive, and adequate for application in pharmacokinetic studies.


Subject(s)
Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Rivaroxaban/blood , Rivaroxaban/pharmacokinetics , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Limit of Detection , Linear Models , Liquid-Liquid Extraction , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of Results , Rivaroxaban/chemistry , Rivaroxaban/isolation & purification , Young Adult
2.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 56: e17836, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132033

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out in order to compare the relative bioavailability of two different formulations containing 400 mg of acetaminophen + 4 mg of phenylephrine hydrochloride + 4 mg of chlorpheniramine maleate, Test formulation (Cimegripe®) and Reference formulation (Resfenol®) in 84 healthy volunteers of both sexes under fasting conditions. The study was conducted in a single dose, randomized, open-label, crossover 3-way and partially replicated. The tolerability was evaluated by the monitoring of adverse events and vital signs, results of clinical and laboratory tests. Plasma concentrations were quantified by validated bioanalytical methods using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-inf, T1/2 and Kel pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from these obtained concentrations. The 90% confidence intervals were constructed for the ratio reference/test from the geometric average of the Cmax and AUC parameters which were comprised between 80% and 125%. Only the Cmax parameter of the phenylephrine was applied the scaled average bioequivalence due to the intraindividual coefficient of variation > 30% obtained, thus extending the acceptance limits of the interval. It can be concluded that the two formulations were bioequivalent in terms of rate and absorption extent and thus interchangeable


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Phenylephrine/analysis , Capsules/classification , Biological Availability , Chlorpheniramine/analysis , Acetaminophen/analysis , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Single Dose , Fasting/adverse effects , Cross-Over Studies , Absorption/drug effects , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , Healthy Volunteers/classification
3.
J. bras. econ. saúde (Impr.) ; 9(2): http://www.jbes.com.br/images/v9n2/198.pdf, ago. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ECOS | ID: biblio-868027

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a bioequivalência entre duas formulações de succinato de desvenlafaxina monoidratado 50 mg comprimido revestido de liberação prolongada, sendo a formulação teste produzida por Medley Farmacêutica Ltda. e a formulação referência (Pristiq™) comercializada por Wyeth Indústria Farmacêutica Ltda. Métodos: Os estudos foram conduzidos em voluntários sadios e as formulações administradas em dose única, sob o estado jejum e pós-prandial. Cada estudo foi conduzido de maneira independente, sendo ambos do tipo aberto, dois períodos, utilizando um delineamento do tipo crossover 2x2, envolvendo 48 voluntários, com intervalo de sete dias entre os períodos (washout). Resultados: Na administração em jejum, a razão entre a média geométrica da formulação teste e referência (T/R) de Cmáx foi 107,49%, com intervalo de confiança (IC) 90% de 100,81 a 114,60%. Para ASC0-t, a razão T/R foi de 104,90%, com IC 90% de 97,53 a 112,82%. Na administração pós-prandial, a razão T/R de Cmáx foi 103,17%, com IC 90% de 95,08 a 111,94%. Para ASC0-t, a razão T/R foi 103,40%, com IC 90% de 94,97 a 112,58%. Conclusões: As formulações teste e referência foram consideradas estatisticamente bioequivalentes em ambas as condições de administração, jejum e pós-prandial, de acordo com os critérios exigidos pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). A formulação teste foi o primeiro medicamento similar (Zodel®, 50 e 100 mg) registrado pela Anvisa nessa categoria e disponibilizado para comercialização, contribuindo assim com a ampliação da disponibilidade do tratamento para o transtorno depressivo maior e a redução de custos ao paciente.


Objective: The objective of this work was to evaluate the bioequivalence between two desvenlafaxine succinate monohydrate formulations 50-mg extended-release tablet, the test product manufactured by Medley Farmacêutica Ltd. and reference product (Pristiq™) commercialized by Wyeth Indústria Farmacêutica Ltda. Methods: The studies were performed in healthy volunteers and the formulations were administered in single-dose under fasted and fed conditions. Each study was conducted independently and performed of type open, two periods, using a 2x2 crossover design, involving 48 volunteers, with seven days of minimum interval between periods (washout). Results: In the fasted administration, the ratio between the geometrical mean of test formulation and reference (T/R) of Cmax was 107.49%, with confidence interval 90% (CI 90%) of 100.81 to 114.60%. For AUC0-t, the ratio T/R was of 104.90%, with CI 90% from 97.53% to 112.82%. In the fed administration, the ratio T/R of Cmax was 103.17% with CI 90% of 95.08 to 111.94%. For AUC0-t, the ratio T/R was 103.40%, with CI 90% of 94.97 to 112.58%. Conclusions: The test and reference formulations were considered statistically bioequivalent in the two administration conditions, fasted and fed, according to the requirements of Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa). The test formulation was the first similar medicine (Zodel®, 50 e 100 mg) to be registered by Anvisa in this category and available to commercialization, thus contributing to increase the availability of treatment for major depressive disorder and the reduction of costs to the patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antidepressive Agents , Desvenlafaxine Succinate , Pharmacokinetics , Therapeutic Equivalency
4.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 71(8)ago. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-725913

ABSTRACT

O estudo foi realizado para comparar a biodisponibilidade/bioequivalência de duas formulações de topiramato 100 mg comprimidos revestidos (Aché Laboratórios Farmacêuticos S/A - formulação teste e Topamax® por Janssen Cilag Farmacêutica Ltda.) em 28 voluntários de ambos os sexos. O estudo foi realizado através de um desenho aberto, randomizado, cruzado em dois períodos com tempo de washout de 14 dias. As amostras de plasma de 23 dos 28 voluntários inicialmente incluídos foram obtidas ao longo de um intervalo de 120 horas. As concentrações de topiramato foram determinadas através de um equipamento LC-MS-MS, utilizando prednisona como padrão interno. A partir dos dados obtidos se calcularam os seguintes parâmetros farmacocinéticos: ASC0-t, ASC0-¥ e Cmax. A razão das médias geométricas de Topiramato/Topamax® 100 mg foi de 100,97% para ASC0-t, 101,38% para ASC0-¥ e 96,94% para Cmax; os intervalos de confiança de 90% foram de 107,02% - 107,40%, 104,45% - 110,42% e 90,98% - 103,29%, respectivamente. Uma vez que os intervalos de confiança de 90% para Cmax e ASC0-t estiveram dentro da faixa de 80% a 125% proposta pelo FDA e pela ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária do Brasil), conclui-se que comprimido revestido de topiramato 100 mg foi bioequivalente ao comprimido de Topamax® de 100 mg e, desta forma, o produto teste pode ser considerado intercambiável na prática médica...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Chromatography , Biological Availability , Therapeutic Equivalency , Pharmacokinetics
5.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 70(3)mar. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-683410

ABSTRACT

O estudo foi realizado para comparar a biodisponibilidade relativa de duas formulações orais de cloridrato de ranitidina, sendo a formulação teste cloridrato de ranitidina suspensão oral de 40 mg/ml (Aché Laboratórios Farmacêuticos S/A) e a formulação referência Antak® xarope de 150 mg/10 ml produzida por Glaxo Smith Kline Brasil Ltda. em 36 voluntários de ambos os sexos. O estudo foi realizado através de um desenho aberto, randomizado, cruzado em dois períodos com tempo de washout de quatro dias. As amostras de plasma de 34 dos 36 voluntários inicialmente incluídos foram obtidas ao longo de um intervalo de 12 horas. As concentrações de ranitidina foram determinadas através de um equipamento LC-MS-MS, utilizando cimetidina como padrão interno. A partir dos dados obtidos, calcularam-se os seguintes parâmetros farmacocinéticos: ASC0-t , ASC0-¥ e Cmax. A razão das médias geométricas de Ranitidina/Antak® foi de 99,75% para ASC0-t, 100,24% para ASC0-¥ e 98,87% para Cmax; os intervalos de confiança de 90% foram de 93,91%-105,95%, 94,47%-106,37% e 88,79%-110,09%, respectivamente. Uma vez que os intervalos de confiança de 90% para Cmax, e ASC0-t estiveram dentro da faixa de 80% a 125% proposta pelo FDA e pela ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária do Brasil), conclui-se que a solução oral de cloridrato de ranitidina 40 mg/ml foi bioequivalente a de Antak® 150 mg/10 ml e, dessa forma, o produto teste pode ser considerado intercambiável na prática médica...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Chromatography , Biological Availability , Therapeutic Equivalency , Pharmacokinetics , Ranitidine
6.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 69(11)nov. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-663158

ABSTRACT

O estudo foi realizado para comparar a biodisponibilidade/bioequivalência de duas formulações de rivastigmina 6 mg cápsulas (Aché Laboratórios Farmacêuticos S/A, formulação teste, e Exelon® por Novartis Biociências S/A - formulação referência, Brasil) em 56 voluntários de ambos os sexos. O estudo foi realizado através de um desenho aberto, randomizado, cruzado em dois períodos com tempo de washout de 7 dias. As amostras de plasma de 46 dos 56 voluntários inicialmente incluídos foram obtidas ao longo de um intervalo de 12 horas. As concentrações de rivastigmina foram determinadas através de um equipamento LC-MS-MS, utilizando zolpidem como padrão interno. A partir dos dados obtidos calcularam-se os seguintes parâmetros farmacocinéticos: ASC0-t , ASC0-¥ e Cmax. A razão das médias geométricas de Rivastigmina/Exelon® 6 mg foi de 100,97% para ASC0-t, 101,38% para ASC0-¥ e 89,01% para Cmax; os intervalos de confiança de 90% foram de 93,20% - 109,39%, 93,65% - 109,75% e 81,10% - 97,70%, respectivamente. Uma vez que os intervalos de confiança de 90% para Cmax e ASC0-t estiveram dentro da faixa de 80% - 125% proposta pelo FDA e pela ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária do Brasil), conclui-se que a cápsula de rivastigmina 6 mg foi bioequivalente ao comprimido de Exelon® de 6 mg e, dessa forma, o produto teste pode ser considerado intercambiável na prática médica.

7.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 69(1/2)jan.-fev. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-621013

ABSTRACT

O estudo foi realizado para comparar a biodisponibilidade/bioequivalência de duas formulações de clopidogrel 75 mg comprimidos revestidos (Aché Laboratórios Farmacêuticos S/A - formulação teste e (Plavix®) por Sanofi-Aventis Farmacêutica Ltda. - formulação referência, Brasil) em 48 voluntários de ambos os sexos. O estudo foi realizado através de um desenho aberto, randomizado, cruzado em dois períodos com tempo de washout de uma semana. As amostras de plasma foram obtidas ao longo de um intervalo de 48 horas. As concentrações do metabólito ativo do clopidogrel, ácido carboxílico SR26334 foram determinadas através de um equipamento LC-MS-MS, utilizando enalapril como padrão interno. A partir dos dados obtidos se calcularam os seguintes parâmetros farmacocinéticos: ASC0-t, ASC0-¥ e Cmax. A média geométrica de clopidogrel/Plavix® 75 mg foi de 96,71% para ASC0-t, 96.64% para ASC0-¥ e 98,29% para Cmax; os intervalos de confiança de 90% foram de 93,42 - 100,12%, 93,48% - 99,90% e 91,02 - 106,15%, respectivamente. Uma vez que os intervalos de confiança de 90% para Cmax e ASC0-t estiveram dentro da faixa de 80%-125% proposta pelo FDA e pela ANVISA (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária do Brasil), conclui-se que o comprimido de clopidogrel de 75 mg foi bioequivalente ao comprimido de Plavix® de 75 mg e, dessa forma, o produto teste pode ser considerado intercambiável na prática médica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Platelet Aggregation , Chromatography , Biological Availability , Therapeutic Equivalency
8.
Dental press j. orthod. (Impr.) ; 17(1): 115-124, Jan.-Feb. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-623179

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The accurate evaluation of error of measurement (EM) is extremely important as in growth studies as in clinical research, since there are usually quantitatively small changes. In any study it is important to evaluate the EM to validate the results and, consequently, the conclusions. Because of its extreme simplicity, the Dahlberg formula is largely used worldwide, mainly in cephalometric studies. OBJECTIVES: (I) To elucidate the formula proposed by Dahlberg in 1940, evaluating it by comparison with linear regression analysis; (II) To propose a simple methodology to analyze the results, which provides statistical elements to assist researchers in obtaining a consistent evaluation of the EM. METHODS: We applied linear regression analysis, hypothesis tests on its parameters and a formula involving the standard deviation of error of measurement and the measured values. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: we introduced an error coefficient, which is a proportion related to the scale of observed values. This provides new parameters to facilitate the evaluation of the impact of random errors in the research final results.

9.
Arzneimittelforschung ; 60(1): 42-7, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20184226

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The study was developed to compare the in vitro dissolution profiles of pantoprazole (CAS 102625-70-7) formulations in both The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) apparatus 2 and 3 by applying biorelevant medium. Moreover, an in vitro-in vivo relationship was proposed considering in vivo data from a previously published study. METHODS: In vitro dissolution profiles were evaluated in biorelevant medium in USP apparatus 2 and 3 and the dissolution curves were either compared by the similarity factor (f2) or a model-independent approach. The fraction of drug dissolved in vitro in apparatus 2 was compared with the fraction of drug absorbed in vivo, which was obtained from a retrospective in vivo study. An in vitro-in vivo relationship analysis was then applied to elucidate the overall absorption characteristics of formulations. RESULTS: The dissolution profiles of formulations demonstrated similar disposition in biorelevant medium in both USP apparatus 2 and 3. The dissolution profiles were described by f2 model in apparatus 2 and Weibull's function in apparatus 3. The vitro-in vivo relationship analysis showed that the formulations exhibited permeability rate-limiting absorption. CONCLUSION: Biorelevant medium in both USP apparatus 2 and 3 may be used as a tool to predict in vivo disposition of formulations of pantoprazole. Furthermore, it can be argued that biowaiver can be granted for enteric coated formulations of pantoprazole on the basis of in vitro dissolution profile.


Subject(s)
2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles/chemistry , Proton Pump Inhibitors/chemistry , 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles/administration & dosage , Area Under Curve , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Cross-Over Studies , Double-Blind Method , Excipients , Half-Life , Humans , Kinetics , Pantoprazole , Proton Pump Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Retrospective Studies , Solubility , Tablets, Enteric-Coated
10.
Arzneimittelforschung ; 57(6): 309-14, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17688075

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the bioavailability of two pantoprazole (CAS 102625-70-7) formulations (40 mg pantoprazole enteric coated tablets) under fasted and fed conditions as well as to evaluate the dissolution profile in biorelevant media. METHODS: The subjects received either 40 mg of the reference or of test formulation in fasting (n = 28) and fed (n=70) condition. The studies were conducted according to a single dose and randomized crossover design. Blood samples were collected up to 12 h after drug administration in fasting condition and up to 48 h in fed condition. Plasma concentrations of pantoprazole were determined by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the observed plasma concentration-time profiles. Bioequivalence between the formulations in fasting and fed condition was assessed considering 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of means for lnCmax and lnAUC(0-t) within 0.8-1.25. Dissolution profiles were evaluated in biorelevant media [Fasting State Simulating Intestinal Fluid (FaSSIF) and Fed State Simulating Intestinal Fluid (FeSSIF)]. The sameness of the dissolution curves was assessed by f2 values between 50 and 100. RESULTS: Under fasting condition the 90% confidence interval for the ratio of means for the lnCmax, (0.94-1.03) and lnAUC(0-t) (0.89-0.99) was within the guideline range of bioequivalence (0.80-1.25). However, the data for lnCmax (0.51-0.76) and lnAUC(0-t) (0.68-0.90) under fed condition were not within the bioequivalence range. The postprandial study demonstrated a high intra-subject variability and in some subjects pantoprazole could not be detected for up to 24 h, although the dissolution profile of reference and test formulations presented a similar disposition in FaSSIF and FeSSIF as confirmed by the values of f2 higher than 50. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the test formulation was bioequivalent to the reference in fasting condition but not in postprandial state. The dissolution profile in FaSSIF indicates that this biorelevant medium was more adequate to discriminate the in vivo disposition of pantoprazole than FeSSIF. Furthermore, the fed condition study had shown a pronounced influence of food in the absorption of pantoprazole after single oral dose administration.


Subject(s)
2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles/administration & dosage , 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Ulcer Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacokinetics , Area Under Curve , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Cross-Over Studies , Excipients , Fasting/physiology , Humans , Mass Spectrometry , Pantoprazole , Solubility , Tablets, Enteric-Coated , Therapeutic Equivalency
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