Inclusive Pattern Generation Protocols to Decode Thiol-Mediated Uptake.

Thiol-mediated uptake (TMU) is an intriguing enigma in current chemistry and biology. While the appearance of cell-penetrating activity upon attachment of cascade exchangers (CAXs) has been observed by many and is increasingly being used in practice, the molecular basis of TMU is essentially unknown. The objective of this study was to develop a general protocol to decode the dynamic covalent networks that presumably account for TMU. Uptake inhibition patterns obtained from the removal of exchange partners by either protein knockdown or alternative inhibitors are aligned with original patterns generated by CAX transporters and inhibitors and patterns from alternative functions (here cell motility). These inclusive TMU patterns reveal that the four most significant CAXs known today enter cells along three almost orthogonal pathways. Epidithiodiketopiperazines (ETP) exchange preferably with integrins and protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), benzopolysulfanes (BPS) with different PDIs, presumably PDIA3, and asparagusic acid (AspA), and antisense oligonucleotide phosphorothioates (OPS) exchange with the transferrin receptor and can be activated by the removal of PDIs with their respective inhibitors. These findings provide a solid basis to understand and use TMU to enable and prevent entry into cells.

3-Halochromones Through Oxidative α-Halogenation of Enaminones and its Photophysical Investigation: Another Case of Photo-induced Partially Aromatised Intramolecular Charge Transfer?

A versatile synthesis strategy for fluorescent 3-halo-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives is reported. The method involves the oxidative α-halogenation of enaminones performed by an efficient and sustainable oxidation system. The use of Oxone® in combination with KCl, KBr, or KI enables the preparation of 3-chloro-, 3-bromo-, or 3-iodo-4H-chromen-4-one in good to excellent yields, with great functional group tolerance where the protocol is amenable to gram-scale synthesis. The analysis of the photophysical properties of the presented 4H-chromen-4-one showed absorption in the UV region and fluorescence emission in the violet-to-cyan region with a relatively large Stokes shift. In solution, all compounds present a dual fluorescence emission, regardless of the solvent, assigned to a partially aromatised intramolecular charge transfer mechanism, considering the presence of a pseudo-aromatic ring in the chromone scaffold and the absence of the influence of substituent electronic features in optical behaviour.

Dynamic Phosphorus: Thiolate Exchange Cascades with Higher Phosphorothioates.

In this study, we introduce phosphorus, a pnictogen, as an exchange center for dynamic covalent chemistry. Cascade exchange of neutral phosphorotri- and -tetrathioates with thiolates is demonstrated in organic solvents, aqueous micellar systems, and in living cells. Exchange rates increase with the pH value, electrophilicity of the exchange center, and nucleophilicity of the exchangers. Molecular walking of the dynamic phosphorus center along Hammett gradients is simulated by the sequential addition of thiolate exchangers. Compared to phosphorotrithioates, tetrathioates are better electrophiles with higher exchange rates. Dynamic phosphorotri- and -tetrathioates are non-toxic to HeLa Kyoto cells and participate in the dynamic networks that account for thiol-mediated uptake into living cells.

Stability Criterion for the Assembly of Core-Shell Lipid-Polymer-Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles.

Hybrid core-shell lipid-polycation-nucleic acid nanoparticles (LPNPs) provide unique delivery strategies for nonviral gene therapeutics. Since LPNPs consist of multiple components, involving different pairwise interactions between them, they are challenging to characterize and understand. Here, we propose a method based on fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy to elucidate the association between the three LPNP components. Through this lens, we demonstrate that cationic lipid shells (liposomes) do not displace polycations or DNA from the polycation-DNA cores (polyplexes). Hence, polyplexes and liposomes must be oppositely charged to associate into LPNPs. Furthermore, we identify the liposome:polyplex number ratio (ρN), which was hitherto an intangible quantity, as the primary parameter predicting stable LPNPs. We establish that ρN ≥ 1 ensures that every polyplex is enveloped by a liposome, thus avoiding coexisting oppositely charged species prone to aggregation.

Avaliação dos registros de enfermagem sobre oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea em equipe multidisciplinar treinada / Evaluation of nursing records on extracorporal membrane oxygenation after multidisciplinary training / Evaluación de registros de enfermería sobre oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea después de entrenamiento multidisciplinar

Objetivos: comparar o conteúdo dos registros de enfermagem referente à oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) entre os períodos de pré e pós-treinamento da equipe multidisciplinar. Método: estudo retrospectivo realizado em uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto, com pacientes em uso de ECMO entre 2012 e 2019. Foram analisadas as informações das anotações, evoluções e prescrições de enfermagem sobre a ECMO. Resultados: foram incluídos 194 registros de enfermagem, que evidenciaram melhora na qualidade da evolução de enfermagem referente às informações da ECMO no período pós-treinamento. Dentre as informações, destaca-se a qualidade do registro sobre o circuito e a membrana. Conclusão: o treinamento multidisciplinar em ECMO foi fundamental para a melhoria das informações nas evoluções de enfermagem. Contudo, a continuidade de treinamentos se faz essencial para manutenção adequada dos registros de enfermagem que envolvem este suporte

Objectives: to compare nursing records regarding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) between pre- and post-multidisciplinary training. Method:A retrospective study was conducted in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with patients using ECMO, between 2012 and 2019. Notes, evolutions and nursing prescriptions on ECMO were analyzed. Results: the 194 nursing records analyzed revealed an improvement in the quality of nursing records regarding ECMO information post-training. Among the information, the quality of circuit and membrane records stands out. Conclusion: multidisciplinary training in ECMO was fundamental for improving information in nursing evolutions. However, continued training is essential for the proper maintenance of nursing records regarding this suppor

Objetivos: comparar el contenido de los registros de enfermería con respecto a la oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) entre los períodos pre y pos-entrenamiento del equipo multidisciplinario. Método: estudio retrospectivo, realizado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), con pacientes en uso de ECMO entre 2012 y 2019. Se analizó información de notas, evoluciones y prescripciones de enfermería sobre ECMO. Resultados: se incluyeron 194 registros de enfermería, en los cuales se observó una mejora de la calidad en las evoluciones de enfermería respecto a la información de la ECMO en el período posterior al entrenamiento. Entre las informaciones destaca la calidad del registro en circuito y la membrana tras el entrenamiento. Conclusión: el entrenamiento multidisciplinar en ECMO fue fundamental para mejorar la información en los registros de enfermería. Sin embargo, la continuidad del entrenamiento es clave para el correcto mantenimiento de los registros de enfermería en relación con este apoyo

Inhibition of Cell Motility by Cell-Penetrating Dynamic Covalent Cascade Exchangers: Integrins Participate in Thiol-Mediated Uptake.

Integrins are cell surface proteins responsible for cell motility. Inspired by the rich disulfide exchange chemistry of integrins, we show here the inhibition of cell migration by cascade exchangers (CAXs), which also enable and inhibit cell penetration by thiol-mediated uptake. Fast-moving CAXs such as reversible Michael acceptor dimers, dithiabismepanes, and bioinspired epidithiodiketopiperazines are best, much better than Ellman's reagent. The implication that integrins participate in thiol-mediated uptake is confirmed by reduced uptake in integrin-knockdown cells. Although thiol-mediated uptake is increasingly emerging as a unifying pathway to bring matter into cells, its molecular basis is essentially unknown. These results identify the integrin superfamily as experimentally validated general cellular partners in the dynamic covalent exchange cascades that are likely to account for thiol-mediated uptake. The patterns identified testify to the complexity of the dynamic covalent networks involved. This work also provides chemistry tools to explore cell motility and expands the drug discovery potential of CAXs from antiviral toward antithrombotic and antitumor perspectives.

Factors associated with acute kidney injury in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: retrospective cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with acute kidney injury in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. METHOD: Retrospective cohort study conducted in an adult Intensive Care Unit with patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from 2012 to 2021. The research used the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes as criteria for definition and classification of acute kidney injury. A multiple logistic regression model was developed to analyze the associated factors. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 122 individuals, of these, 98 developed acute kidney injury (80.3%). In multiple regression, the associated factors found were vasopressin use, Nursing Activities Score, and glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSION: The use of vasopressin, the Nursing Activities Score, and the glomerular filtration rate were considered as factors related to the development of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Factors associated with acute kidney injury in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: retrospective cohort / Factores asociados a la lesión renal aguda en pacientes sometidos a oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea: cohorte retrospectiva / Fatores associados a lesão renal aguda em pacientes submetidos à oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea: coorte retrospectivo

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors associated with acute kidney injury in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Method: Retrospective cohort study conducted in an adult Intensive Care Unit with patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from 2012 to 2021. The research used the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes as criteria for definition and classification of acute kidney injury. A multiple logistic regression model was developed to analyze the associated factors. Results: The sample was composed of 122 individuals, of these, 98 developed acute kidney injury (80.3%). In multiple regression, the associated factors found were vasopressin use, Nursing Activities Score, and glomerular filtration rate. Conclusion: The use of vasopressin, the Nursing Activities Score, and the glomerular filtration rate were considered as factors related to the development of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a la lesión renal aguda en pacientes sometidos a oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea. Material y método: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo realizado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de adultos con pacientes sometidos a oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea entre 2012 y 2021. El criterio de definición y clasificación de lesión renal aguda fue el Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. Se desarrolló un modelo de regresión logística múltiple para el análisis de los factores asociados. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 122 individuos, de estos, 98 desarrollaron lesión renal aguda (80,3%). En la regresión múltiple, los factores asociados encontrados fueron el uso de vasopresina, el Nursing Activities Score y la tasa de filtración glomerular. Conclusión: El uso de vasopresina, el Nursing Activities Score y la tasa de filtración glomerular se consideraron factores relacionados con el desarrollo de lesión renal aguda en pacientes sometidos a oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à lesão renal aguda em pacientes submetidos a oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, realizado em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulta, com pacientes submetidos à oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, no período de 2012 a 2021. O critério para definição e classificação da lesão renal aguda foi o da Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. Para a análise dos fatores associados foi elaborado um modelo de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 122 indivíduos, destes, 98 desenvolveram lesão renal aguda (80,3%). Na regressão múltipla, os fatores associados encontrados foram a utilização de vasopressina, o Nursing Activities Score e a taxa de filtração glomerular. Conclusão: O uso da vasopressina, o Nursing Activities Score e a taxa de filtração glomerular foram considerados como fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de lesão renal aguda em paciente submetido à oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea.

Pnictogen-Bonding Catalysis and Transport Combined: Polyether Transporters Made In Situ.

The combination of catalysis and transport across lipid bilayer membranes promises directional access to a solvent-free and structured nanospace that could accelerate, modulate, and, at best, enable new chemical reactions. To elaborate on these expectations, anion transport and catalysis with pnictogen and tetrel bonds are combined with polyether cascade cyclizations into bioinspired cation transporters. Characterized separately, synergistic anion and cation transporters of very high activity are identified. Combined for catalysis in membranes, cascade cyclizations are found to occur with a formal rate enhancement beyond one million compared to bulk solution and product formation is detected in situ as an increase in transport activity. With this operational system in place, intriguing perspectives open up to exploit all aspects of this unique nanospace for important chemical transformations.

Desfecho clínico de pacientes submetidos à oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea após treinamento multidisciplinar / Resultados clínicos de los pacientes sometidos a oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea tras el entrenamiento multidisciplinar / Clinical outcome of patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after multidisciplinary training

RESUMO Objetivo verificar a influência do treinamento da equipe multidisciplinar sobre o desfecho clínico de pacientes adultos submetidos à oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea Método estudo observacional, realizado em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto de um hospital na zona sul de São Paulo, no período de 2012 a 2020. A análise de sobrevida foi realizada pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e a probabilidade de mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi analisada por um modelo de regressão logística múltipla Resultados foram incluídos 72 pacientes, sendo 54 (75%) após o período de treinamento. Observou-se redução na mortalidade de 83,3% para 57,4% após o treinamento (p=0,047), com aumento na sobrevida em 90 dias de 31% após o treinamento Conclusão o impacto do treinamento na taxa de óbito intra-hospitalar e na sobrevida em 90 dias é um incentivo aos gestores hospitalares para adotar o modelo de capacitação com suas equipes, a fim de garantir uma assistência de melhor qualidade

RESUMEN Objetivo comprobar la influencia del entrenamiento del equipo multidisciplinar en los resultados clínicos de los pacientes adultos sometidos a oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea Método estudio observacional, realizado en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos de un hospital de la zona sur de São Paulo, entre 2012 y 2020. El análisis de supervivencia se realizó mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier y la probabilidad de mortalidad intrahospitalaria se analizó mediante un modelo de regresión logística múltiple Resultados Se incluyeron 72 pacientes, 54 (75%) tras el periodo de entrenamiento. Se observó una reducción de la mortalidad del 83,3% al 57,4% tras el entrenamiento (p=0,047), con un aumento de la supervivencia a 90 días del 31% tras el entrenamiento Conclusión el impacto de la formación en la tasa de mortalidad intrahospitalaria y en la supervivencia a los 90 días es un incentivo para que los gestores de los hospitales adopten el modelo de formación con sus equipos para garantizar una atención de mayor calidad

ABSTRACT Objective to verify the influence of multidisciplinary team training on the clinical outcome of adult patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Method observational study, conducted in an Adult Intensive Care Unit of a hospital in the southern zone of São Paulo, from 2012 to 2020. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the probability of in-hospital mortality was analyzed by a multiple logistic regression model Results 72 patients were included, 54 (75%) after the training period. A reduction in mortality from 83.3% to 57.4% was observed after training (p=0.047), with an increase in 90-day survival of 31% after training Conclusion the impact of training on in-hospital death rate and 90-day survival is an incentive for hospital managers to adopt the training model with their teams to ensure better quality care

Perfil Clínico dos Pacientes Diagnosticados com Covid-19 Internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva / Clinical Profile of Patients Diagnosed with Covid-19 Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit / Perfil clínico de los pacientes con diagnóstico de Covid-19 ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos

Objetivo: descrever o perfil clínico, principais alterações laboratoriais e hemodinâmicas entre pacientes acometidos por Covid-19 internados na unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário da região dos Campos Gerais - Paraná. Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo. A amostra foi constituída por prontuários de pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva cujo resultado do teste Polymerase Chain Reaction foi positivo para Covid-19. O quadro clínico foi analisado durante 10 dias desde a admissão na unidade. A coleta de dados foi obtida por meio do acesso ao prontuário eletrônico. O estudo foi aprovado por um Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Predominaram pacientes do sexo masculino com faixa etária de 48 a 57 anos. Destacam-se o uso de ventilação mecânica, relação PaO2 FiO2 menor que 200, caracterizado como síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo. Conclusão: A caracterização do perfil clínico contribuiu para a compreensão da fisiopatologia da doença e discussão com estudos semelhantes

Objective: to describe the clinical profile, main laboratory and hemodynamic changes among patients with Covid-19 admitted to the intensive care unit of a university hospital in the region of Campos Gerais - Paraná. Method: This is a historical cohort. The sample consisted of medical records of patients admitted to the intensive care unit whose Polymerase Chain Reaction test result was positive for Covid-19. The clinical picture was analyzed for 10 days from admission to the unit. Data collection was obtained through access to the electronic medical record. The study was approved by a Research Ethics Committee. Results: There was a predominance of male patients aged from 48 to 57 years. The use of mechanical ventilation stands out, with a PaO2 FiO2 ratio lower than 200, characterized as acute respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion: The characterization of the clinical profile contributed to the understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and discussion with similar studies.

Objetivo: describir el perfil clínico, principales cambios analíticos y hemodinámicos de pacientes con Covid-19 ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital universitario de la región de Campos Gerais - Paraná. Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. La muestra consistió en registros médicos de pacientes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos cuyo resultado de la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa fue positivo para Covid-19. Se analizó el cuadro clínico durante 10 días desde el ingreso a la unidad. La recogida de datos se obtuvo mediante el acceso a la historia clínica electrónica. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino de 48 a 57 años. Destaca el uso de ventilación mecánica, con una relación PaO2 FiO2 inferior a 200, padeciendo síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo. Conclusión: La caracterización del perfil clínico contribuyó al conocimiento de la fisiopatología de la enfermedad y la discusión con estudios similares

Lipid-Nucleic Acid Complexes: Physicochemical Aspects and Prospects for Cancer Treatment.

Cancer is an extremely complex disease, typically caused by mutations in cancer-critical genes. By delivering therapeutic nucleic acids (NAs) to patients, gene therapy offers the possibility to supplement, repair or silence such faulty genes or to stimulate their immune system to fight the disease. While the challenges of gene therapy for cancer are significant, the latter approach (a type of immunotherapy) starts showing promising results in early-stage clinical trials. One important advantage of NA-based cancer therapies over synthetic drugs and protein treatments is the prospect of a more universal approach to designing therapies. Designing NAs with different sequences, for different targets, can be achieved by using the same technologies. This versatility and scalability of NA drug design and production on demand open the way for more efficient, affordable and personalized cancer treatments in the future. However, the delivery of exogenous therapeutic NAs into the patients' targeted cells is also challenging. Membrane-type lipids exhibiting permanent or transient cationic character have been shown to associate with NAs (anionic), forming nanosized lipid-NA complexes. These complexes form a wide variety of nanostructures, depending on the global formulation composition and properties of the lipids and NAs. Importantly, these different lipid-NA nanostructures interact with cells via different mechanisms and their therapeutic potential can be optimized to promising levels in vitro. The complexes are also highly customizable in terms of surface charge and functionalization to allow a wide range of targeting and smart-release properties. Most importantly, these synthetic particles offer possibilities for scaling-up and affordability for the population at large. Hence, the versatility and scalability of these particles seem ideal to accommodate the versatility that NA therapies offer. While in vivo efficiency of lipid-NA complexes is still poor in most cases, the advances achieved in the last three decades are significant and very recently a lipid-based gene therapy medicine was approved for the first time (for treatment of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis). Although the path to achieve efficient NA-delivery in cancer therapy is still long and tenuous, these advances set a new hope for more treatments in the future. In this review, we attempt to cover the most important biophysical and physicochemical aspects of non-viral lipid-based gene therapy formulations, with a perspective on future cancer treatments in mind.

In Vitro Evaluation of Lipopolyplexes for Gene Transfection: Comparing 2D, 3D and Microdroplet-Enabled Cell Culture.

Complexes combining nucleic acids with lipids and polymers (lipopolyplexes) show great promise for gene therapy since they enable compositional, physical and functional versatility to be optimized for therapeutic efficiency. When developing lipopolyplexes for gene delivery, one of the first evaluations performed is an in vitro transfection efficiency experiment. Many different in vitro models can be used, and the effect of the model on the experiment outcome has not been thoroughly studied. The objective of this work was to compare the insights obtained from three different in vitro models, as well as the potential limitations associated with each of them. We have prepared a series of lipopolyplex formulations with three different cationic polymers (poly-l-lysine, bioreducible poly-l-lysine and polyethyleneimine), and assessed their in vitro biological performance in 2D monolayer cell culture, 3D spheroid culture and microdroplet-based single-cell culture. Lipopolyplexes from different polymers presented varying degrees of transfection efficiency in all models. The best-performing formulation in 2D culture was the polyethyleneimine lipopolyplex, while lipoplexes prepared with bioreducible poly-l-lysine were the only ones achieving any transfection in microdroplet-enabled cell culture. None of the prepared formulations achieved significant gene transfection in 3D culture. All of the prepared formulations were well tolerated by cells in 2D culture, while at least one formulation (poly-l-lysine polyplex) delayed 3D spheroid growth. These results highlight the need for selecting the appropriate in vitro model depending on the intended application.

Versão brasileira do Toronto Pain Management Inventory - Acute Coronary Syndrome / Versión brasileña del Toronto Pain Management Inventory - Acute Coronary Syndrome / Brazilian version of the Toronto Pain Management Inventory - Acute Coronary Syndrome

RESUMO Objetivo: realizar a adaptação transcultural do instrumento Toronto Pain Management Inventory - Acute Coronary Syndrome para o Português brasileiro e analisar evidências de validade de face do instrumento adaptado. Métodos: para a adaptação transcultural foram seguidos os procedimentos propostos pelo Guideline for Establishing Cultural Equivalency of Instruments (RDC/TMD) Consortium Network (fase 1). Para verificar a concordância entre os juízes na análise das equivalências foi utilizado o índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC). A validade de face foi feita com enfermeiros durante o pré-teste e consistiu na avaliação da facilidade da compreensão para responder aos itens. Resultados: o instrumento adaptado alcançou equivalência linguística. As equivalências semântica, idiomática, experimental e conceitual tiveram IVC médios de 98,5 (IC 95% 97,1-100,0), 97,8 (IC 95% 96,0-99,5), 94,1 (IC95% 91,6-96,6) e 99,6 (IC 95% 98,9-100,0). No pré-teste, 92,5% dos enfermeiros consideraram o instrumento de fácil compreensão e 85% não encontraram dificuldade. Conclusão: o instrumento adaptado é culturalmente equivalente ao instrumento original e reúne evidências de validade de face. As propriedades psicométricas do instrumento ainda serão investigadas.

RESUMEN Objetivo: realizar la adaptación transcultural del instrumento Toronto Pain Management Inventory - Acute Coronary Syndrome al idioma portugués de Brasil y analizar la evidencia de la validez aparente del instrumento adaptado. Métodos: para la adaptación transcultural se siguieron los procedimientos propuestos por la Guideline for Establishing Cultural Equivalency of Instruments (RDC/TMD) Consortium Network (fase 1). Para verificar el acuerdo entre los jueces en el análisis de equivalencias se utilizó el índice de validez de contenido (IVC). La validez aparente se realizó con los enfermeros durante la prueba previa y consistió en evaluar la facilidad de comprensión para responder a los ítems. Resultados: el instrumento adaptado logró equivalencia lingüística. Las equivalencias semánticas, idiomáticas, experimentales y conceptuales tuvieron un IVC promedio de 98.5 (IC 95% 97.1-100.0), 97.8 (IC 95% 96.0-99.5), 94.1 (IC 95 % 91.6-96.6) y 99.6 (IC 95% 98.9- 100.0). En la prueba previa, el 92.5% de los enfermeros consideraba que el instrumento era fácil de entender y el 85% no encontró dificultades. Conclusión: el instrumento adaptado es culturalmente equivalente al instrumento original y reúne evidencia de validez aparente. Las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento aún no se han investigado.

ABSTRACT Objective: to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Toronto Pain Management Inventory - Acute Coronary Syndrome instrument into Brazilian Portuguese and test face validity evidence of the adapted instrument. Methods: we followed the procedures proposed by the Guideline for Establishing Cultural Equivalency of Instruments (RDC/TMD) Consortium Network (phase 1) for cross-cultural adaptation. To measure agreement between the judges in the equivalences analysis, we used the content validity index (CVI). Face validity was performed with nurses during the pre-test and consisted of assessing the ease of understanding when answering the items. Results: the adapted instrument achieved linguistic equivalence. The semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalences had a mean CVI of 98.5 (95% CI 97.1-100.0), 97.8 (95% CI 96.0-99.5), 94.1 (95 % 91.6-96.6) and 99.6 (95% CI 98.9-100.0). In the pre-test, 92.5% of nurses considered the instrument easy to understand and 85% found no difficulty. Conclusion: the adapted instrument is culturally equivalent to the original instrument and shows evidence of face validity. The psychometric properties of the instrument are yet to be investigated.

Fluid Overload and Risk of Mortality in Critically Ill Patients.

BACKGROUND: Fluid overload (FO) is a condition present in critical care units, and it is associated with clinical complications and worse outcomes for severe patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify if FO is a risk factor for mortality in critically ill patients. METHODS: Retrospective study performed in a Brazilian intensive care unit, from January to March 2016, with patients older than 18 years and hospitalized for more than 24 hours. Demographic and clinical data, as well as fluid balance and overload, were analyzed to verify the risk factors for mortality. A logistic regression model was elaborated, and significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: There were 158 patients included, of which only 13 (8.2%) presented FO. Mortality was verified in individuals 30 (18.9%), of whom only 7 (23.3%) developed FO, which was lower in survivors 6 (4.9%), P = .001. In the simple regression model, the FO was significant (odds ratio [OR], 6.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.04-19.53), P = .001. However, in the multiple regression model, there were significant findings only for mechanical ventilation (OR, 5.86; 95% CI, 2.10-18.12, P = .001), acute kidney injury (OR, 4.05; 95% CI, 1.53-11; P = .001), and noradrenaline (OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.01-9.51; P = .041); FO was not significant (OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 0.91-15.55; P = .069). CONCLUSION: Fluid overload is higher in patients who died. Therefore, it was not considered a risk factor for mortality.

Brick masonry industrial chimneys: assessment, evaluation and intervention.

Masonry chimneys were key elements of post-industrial factory buildings. Built on a large scale in Portugal from the nineteenth century, factory buildings have been in use until the beginning of the twentieth century, afterwards being progressively abandoned, transformed or demolished. During this degradation process, the industrial chimneys are often separated from other structures and become isolated elements, i.e. sculptures to the memory of the site's past activity. Moreover, although most of these industries and chimneys were located outside ordinary living areas, they are actually surrounded by dwellings or placed inside leisure areas. This new framework demands safety evaluations of the chimneys, which involve preliminary on-site surveys. This work shows the analysis of the geometric and material data from on-site surveys and dynamic identification procedures carried out on 10 industrial brick masonry chimneys. In particular, it establishes correlations between the chimneys geometrical and mechanical characteristics and proposes simple procedures to help designers to assess the safety conditions of these chimneys and evaluate eventual reinforcement needs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Environmental loading of heritage structures'.

Analysis of 19th century ceramic fragments excavated from Pirenópolis (Goiás, Brazil) using FT-IR, Raman, XRF and SEM.

This study used Raman, FT-IR and XRF spectroscopy and SEM to analyze ceramic fragments dating from the 19th century, excavated from an old farm in the municipality of Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil. The results show that the samples were produced in an open oven at a firing temperature below 500°C, using raw materials including kaolinite, hematite, magnetite, quartz, microcline, albite, anhydrite, calcite, illite, orthoclase and MnO2. Although the analyses showed similarities in the manufacturing process and the presence of many minerals was common in all samples, multivariate statistical methods (PCA) allowed a more detailed assessment of similarities and differences in the mineral composition of the samples. The results of the PCA showed that the samples excavated in one of the slave quarters (senzalas) group with those excavated at the farmhouse, where the landowner lived, which indicates a paternalistic attitude towards captives, including the sharing of ceramic materials of everyday use.

Lesão renal aguda associada ao uso de polimixinas em pacientes críticos / Acute kidney injury associated with the use of polymyxins in critically ill patients

Introdução: A Lesão renal aguda (LRA) é uma síndrome de alta incidência (23,2%) e mortalidade (23,0%), que acomete principalmente pacientes críticos, internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI). A sepse é a principal causa de LRA (40,0%). A infecção por microrganismos multirresistentes exige o uso de agentes antimicrobianos potencialmente nefrotóxicos, como as polimixinas (Pmxs). Dentre elas, destaca-se a Pmx B e a colistina (Pmx E) utilizadas no controle de infecções por bacilos gram negativos (BGN). Objetivos: avaliar a incidência de LRA associada ao uso de Pmxs e identificar os fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de LRA associada ao uso de Pmxs. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 1009 pacientes internados em UTI, provenientes de um banco de dados universal (BDU) organizado no período de abril a dezembro de 2012. Resultados: Foram incluídos 936 pacientes. A incidência geral de LRA na amostra foi de 43,1%, enquanto que para pacientes que receberam Pmxs foi de 87,0%. O principal fator de risco para LRA geral foi a pré existência de Doença Renal Crônica. Dentre os pacientes com LRA e que fizeram uso de Pmxs, a maioria era do sexo masculino (69,2%); 54,4±15,7 anos, internação do tipo clínica e com o maior tempo de internação em UTI, as características clínicas mais prevalentes foram o estado de choque (81,5%), a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (35,3%), o Diabetes Mellitus (20,0%) e a sepse (23,0%). Esse grupo apresentou maiores índices de gravidade SAPS II e LODS e o choque se confirmou como fator de risco nesse grupo. Conclusões: As Pmxs confirmaram-se como medicamento nefrotóxico em pacientes críticos (87%), tendo o choque como fator de risco.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome of high incidence (23.2%) and mortality (23.0%), which affects mainly critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Sepsis is the main cause of AKI (40.0%). Infection with multiresistant microorganisms requires the use of potentially nephrotoxic antimicrobial agents, such as polymyxins (Pmxs). Among them, Pmx B and colistin (Pmx E) are used to control gram-negative bacilli (GNB) infections. Objectives: to evaluate the incidence of AKI associated with the use of Pmxs and to identify the risk factors for the development of AKI associated with the use of Pmxs. Methods: It´s a cross-sectional, retrospective, quantitative approach The sample consisted of 1009 patients hospitalized in ICUs from a universal database (BDU) organized from April to December 2012. Results: A total of 936 patients were included. The overall incidence of AKI in the sample was 43.1%, whereas for patients receiving Pmxs it was 87.0%. The main risk factor for overall AKI was the pre-existence of Chronic Kidney Disease. Among the patients with AKI who used Pmxs, the majority were male (69.2%); 54.4 ± 15.7 years, hospitalization of the clinical type and with the longer ICU stay. The most prevalent clinical characteristics in the AKI and Pmx groups were shock state (81.5%), systemic arterial hypertension (35.3%), Diabetes Mellitus (20.0%) and sepsis (23.0% ). This group presented highest SAPS II and LODS severity indexes and the shock was confirmed as a risk factor. Conclusions: Pmxs were confirmed as nephrotoxic drugs in critical patients (87%), with shock as a risk factor.

Nursing Activities Score and Acute Kidney Injury.

OBJECTIVE:: to evaluate the nursing workload in intensive care patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). METHOD:: A quantitative study, conducted in an intensive care unit, from April to August of 2015. The Nursing Activities Score (NAS) and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) were used to measure nursing workload and to classify the stage of AKI, respectively. RESULTS:: A total of 190 patients were included. Patients who developed AKI (44.2%) had higher NAS when compared to those without AKI (43.7% vs 40.7%), p <0.001. Patients with stage 1, 2 and 3 AKI showed higher NAS than those without AKI. A relationship was identified between stage 2 and 3 with those without AKI (p = 0.002 and p <0.001). CONCLUSION:: The NAS was associated with the presence of AKI, the score increased with the progression of the stages, and it was associated with AKI, stage 2 and 3. OBJETIVO:: avaliar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem em pacientes de terapia intensiva com lesão renal aguda (LRA). MÉTODO:: estudo quantitativo, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, no período de abril a agosto de 2015. O Nursing Activities Score (NAS) e o Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) foram utilizados para medir a carga de trabalho de enfermagem e classificar o estágio da LRA, respectivamente. RESULTADOS:: foram incluídos 190 pacientes. Os pacientes que desenvolveram LRA (44,2%) possuíam NAS superiores quando comparados aos sem LRA (43,7% vs 40,7%), p<0,001. Os pacientes com LRA nos estágios 1, 2 e 3 de LRA demonstraram NAS superiores aos sem LRA, houve relação entre os estágios 2 e 3 com os sem LRA, p=0,002 e p<0,001. CONCLUSÃO:: o NAS apresentou associação com a existência de LRA, visto que seu valor aumenta com a progressão dos estágios, tendo associação com os estágios 2 e 3 de LRA.

Nursing Activities Score and Acute Kidney Injury / Nursing Activities Score y lesión renal aguda / Nursing Activities Score e a lesão renal aguda

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the nursing workload in intensive care patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Method: A quantitative study, conducted in an intensive care unit, from April to August of 2015. The Nursing Activities Score (NAS) and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) were used to measure nursing workload and to classify the stage of AKI, respectively. Results: A total of 190 patients were included. Patients who developed AKI (44.2%) had higher NAS when compared to those without AKI (43.7% vs 40.7%), p <0.001. Patients with stage 1, 2 and 3 AKI showed higher NAS than those without AKI. A relationship was identified between stage 2 and 3 with those without AKI (p = 0.002 and p <0.001). Conclusion: The NAS was associated with the presence of AKI, the score increased with the progression of the stages, and it was associated with AKI, stage 2 and 3.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la carga de trabajo de enfermería en pacientes de cuidados intensivos con lesión renal aguda (AKI - acute kidney injury). Método: un estudio cuantitativo en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en el período desde abril hasta agosto de 2015. El Nursing Activities Score (NAS) y el Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) fueron utilizados para medir la carga de trabajo de enfermería y clasificar el estadio de AKI, respectivamente. Resultados: en total, se incluyeron 190 pacientes. Los pacientes que desarrollaron AKI (44,2%) tenían NAS superior en comparación con los pacientes sin AKI (43,7% vs 40,7%), p<0,001. Los pacientes con AKI en los estadios 1, 2 y 3 de AKI mostraron NAS más alto que aquellos sin AKI. Hubo una relación entre los estadios 2 y 3 y los pacientes sin AKI, p=0,002 y p<0,001. Conclusión: NAS se asoció con la existencia de AKI porque su valor aumenta con la progresión de los estadios y tiene asociación con los estadios 2 y 3 de AKI.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem em pacientes de terapia intensiva com lesão renal aguda (LRA). Método: estudo quantitativo, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, no período de abril a agosto de 2015. O Nursing Activities Score (NAS) e o Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) foram utilizados para medir a carga de trabalho de enfermagem e classificar o estágio da LRA, respectivamente. Resultados: foram incluídos 190 pacientes. Os pacientes que desenvolveram LRA (44,2%) possuíam NAS superiores quando comparados aos sem LRA (43,7% vs 40,7%), p<0,001. Os pacientes com LRA nos estágios 1, 2 e 3 de LRA demonstraram NAS superiores aos sem LRA, houve relação entre os estágios 2 e 3 com os sem LRA, p=0,002 e p<0,001. Conclusão: o NAS apresentou associação com a existência de LRA, visto que seu valor aumenta com a progressão dos estágios, tendo associação com os estágios 2 e 3 de LRA.