Water quality in microbasins and springs of the mineral water region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

Anthropic activities performed in a river basin, especially those that promote changes in the soil surface, have great effect on the quality of the waters in the basin. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate water quality by applying the Water Quality Index (WQI) in springs and watercourses located in an area with different land use and occupation characteristics, as well as to compare the analyzed variables with the standards established for class 2 of the National Environmental Council (CONAMA, for its acronym in Portuguese) Resolution No. 357/2005. Seven sampling points located in the rural area of the municipality of Jacutinga, Minas Gerais State (MG), were monitored. The water samples were collected from October 2018 to July 2019. Comparison with the resolution showed that the quality condition was lower than the standard established for class 2 in most campaigns conducted. Regarding the mean WQI, the water quality at points S1, WC1, WC2, and WC3 was classified as "average," while the water quality at points S2, S3, and S4 was classified as "good." There was seasonal variation in the WQI only at point WC1. Overall, thermotolerant coliforms (TC), nitrate, and phosphorus are the main factors deteriorating water quality, and it may be directly related to the agricultural activities practiced in the monitored areas.

Diversity trapped in cages: Revision of Blumenavia Möller (Clathraceae, Basidiomycota) reveals three hidden species.

Basidiomata of Phallales have a diversified morphology with adhesive gleba that exudes an odor, usually unpleasant that attracts mainly insects, which disperse the basidiospores. The genus Blumenavia belongs to the family Clathraceae and, based on morphological features, only two species are currently recognized: B. rhacodes and B. angolensis. However, the morphological characters adopted in species delimitations within this genus are inconsistent, and molecular data are scarce. The present study aimed to review and identify informative characters that contribute to the delimitation of Blumenavia species. Exsiccates from America and Africa were analyzed morphologically, and molecularly, using ITS, LSU, ATP6, RPB2 and TEF-1α markers for Maximum Parsimony, Bayesian and Maximum likelihood analyses, and also for coalescent based species delimitations (BP&P), as well as for bPTP, PhyloMap, Topo-phylogenetic and Geophylogenetic reconstructions. According to our studies, seven species can be considered in the genus: B. rhacodes and B. angolensis are maintained, B. usambarensis and B. toribiotalpaensis are reassessed, and three new species are proposed, B. baturitensis Melanda, M.P. Martín & Baseia, sp. nov., B. crucis-hellenicae G. Coelho, Sulzbacher, Grebenc & Cortez, sp. nov., and B. heroica Melanda, Baseia & M.P. Martín, sp. nov. Blumenavia rhacodes is typified by selecting a lectotype and an epitype. Macromorphological characters considered informative to segregate and delimit the species through integrative taxonomy include length of the basidiomata, color, width and presence of grooves on each arm as well as the glebifer position and shape. These must be clearly observed while the basidiomata are still fresh. Since most materials are usually analyzed after dehydration and deposit in collections, field techniques and protocols to describe fugacious characters from fresh specimen are demanded, as well as the use of molecular analysis, in order to better assess recognition and delimitation of species in Blumenavia.

A fast and feasible method for Br and I determination in whole egg powder and its fractions by ICP-MS.

A method for Br and I determination in whole egg powder and its fractions (egg white and yolk) was developed by combining microwave-induced combustion (MIC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Using the MIC method, 350mg of whole egg powder and its fractions were efficiently digested using 50mmolL-1NH4OH as an absorbing solution. The limits of detection for Br and I using the MIC method followed by ICP-MS determination were 0.039 and 0.015µgg-1, respectively. Using the proposed method, agreements with the reference values between 97 and 104% for Br and I were obtained by analysis of reference material NIST 8435. Finally, it was possible to observe that Br concentration (4.59-5.29µgg-1) was higher than I (0.150-2.28µgg-1) for all the evaluated samples.

Bromine and Iodine Contents in Raw and Cooked Shrimp and Its Parts.

The concentration of bromine and iodine was determined in shrimp and its parts (tissue and shells), and changes in the analyte concentration were evaluated after the cooking procedure. Bromine and iodine concentrations were determined by a method recently developed by our research group based on microwave-induced combustion for sample preparation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for analyte determination. The accuracy was evaluated using a reference material (NIST 8414) that was digested using the proposed method. No statistical difference was observed between certified and determined values (Student's t test, 95% confidence level). Suitable limits of detection (Br, 0.02 µg g(-1) and I, 0.01 µg g(-1)) were obtained for both analytes. Higher concentrations of both analytes were observed in shrimp shells in comparison to shrimp tissue for raw and cooked samples. Moreover, losses of Br and I (between 24 and 43%) were observed after cooking.

Hypochnella verrucospora (Basidiomycota, Atheliales), a neotropical new species with ornamented basidiospores.

Hypochnella verrucospora sp. nov. is described and illustrated from material collected in Brazil and Argentina. The new species is characterized by dark purplish, violaceous to dark lilaceous, resupinate and membranous basidiomes and ellipsoid to subcylindrical, pale brown, slightly thick-walled, amyloid and delicately ornamented basidiospores. The monotypic genus Hypochnella was represented so far by H. violacea, which is distinctly characterized by smooth basidiospores, and is restricted to temperate regions in the northern hemisphere, whereas H. verrucospora seems to be Neotropical. Morphological comparison of the two species and a discussion of the genus description of Hypochnella are provided.

Efeito de épocas de irrigação e de parcelamento de adubação sobre a produtividade do cafeeiro 'Catuaí' / Effect of times of irrigation and splitting of fertilizer on the productivity of 'Catuaí' coffee plant

Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, avaliar o efeito de épocas de irrigação e de parcelamentos de adubação sobre a produtividade do cafeeiro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdividas em faixas. O experimento foi composto por 4 blocos (repetições), cada bloco foi dividido em 4 parcelas, que receberam o efeito de diferentes parcelamentos de adubação (4, 12, 24 e 36 aplicações de fertilizantes), as parcelas foram subdivididas em 5 subparcelas, correspondentes às diferentes épocas de irrigação: "A" entre 01/06 e 30/09, "B" entre 15/07 e 30/09, "C" de 01 a 30/09, "D" entre 01/06 e 30/09 com adubação manual e "E" não irrigada. Promoveu-se análise de variância sobre os dados de produtividade, identificando-se que houve efeito apenas do fator épocas de irrigação sobre a mesma. O teste de comparação de médias possibilitou concluir que a irrigação entre 01/06 e 30/09, seja com o uso de fertirrigação ou com aplicação manual de fertilizantes, proporcionou as melhores médias de produtividade.

This work aimed to evaluate the irrigation time and fertilizer splitting effects on coffee crop productivity. Random blocks with parcels subdivided into strips were the experimental design applied. The blocks had four replications and were divided into four plots. These plots (4, 12, 24 and 36 fertilizer applications) were subdivided into five subplots associated to different irrigation times: "A" between 06/01 and 09/30, "B" between 07/15 and 09/30, "C" between 09/01 and 09/30, "D" between 06/01 and 09/30 with manual application of fertilizer and "E" without irrigation. Analysis of variance was applied to evaluate the coffee crop productivity, which showed that only the irrigation time factor was effective. The mean comparison test allowed concluding that irrigation between 06/01 and 09/30, with fertigation or with manual application of fertilizer, produced the best productivity means.

A new Gloeoporus species growing on bamboo from southern Brazil.

Gloeoporus guerreroanus sp. nov. is described and illustrated from specimens collected on bamboo in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. The new taxon presents hymenium continuum along the tubular internal surface and dissepiments and represents an addition into the relatively small, poroid-merulioid genus Gloeoporus.

A Brazilian new species of Auriporia.

Auriporia brasilica sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on specimens collected from southern Brazil. It is characterized by a dimitic hyphal system, the shape and size of cystidia, small basidiospores and large pores. This is the first report of an Auriporia taxon registered from the tropics.