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1.
Braz J Microbiol ; 51(3): 1439-1445, 2020 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32144692

ABSTRACT

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infections are related to a number of syndromes and clinical manifestations, generally known as Porcine circovirus-associated diseases, which are related to losses in the swine industry. There are commercially available vaccines and new vaccines being tested, however, persistency of the PCV2 as an important pig pathogen, and the growing number of affected farms in different countries have suggested that there is room for vaccine improvement. In this study, we describe the construction and testing of a recombinant live vaccine based on a modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector expressing the PCV2b capsid protein (CAP). Using a two-dose homologous vaccination regimen, in mice, we demonstrated that the vaccine induced high titers of anti-PCV2 antibodies. The vaccine is stable upon lyophilization, and, together with the good immunogenicity potential observed, the results support further evaluation of the MVA-CAP vaccine in the target species.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Circovirus/immunology , Swine Diseases/immunology , Vaccinia virus/genetics , Viral Vaccines/immunology , Animals , Antibody Formation , Circoviridae Infections/immunology , Circoviridae Infections/prevention & control , Circoviridae Infections/virology , Circovirus/genetics , Immunization, Secondary , Swine , Swine Diseases/prevention & control , Swine Diseases/virology , Vaccination , Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics , Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology , Vaccinia virus/metabolism , Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage , Viral Vaccines/genetics
2.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 113(6): e170542, 2018 May 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29768624

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) manifests in a broad spectrum of disease ranging from mild illness to severe neurological complications and little is known about Zika immunopathogenesis. OBJECTIVES: To define the immunologic biomarkers that correlate with acute ZIKV infection. METHODS: We characterized the levels of circulating cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 54 infected patients of both genders at five different time points after symptom onset using microbeads multiplex immunoassay; comparison to 100 age-matched controls was performed for statistical analysis and data mining. FINDINGS: ZIKV-infected patients present a striking systemic inflammatory response with high levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Despite the strong inflammatory pattern, IL-1Ra and IL-4 are also induced during the acute infection. Interestingly, the inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ; chemokines CXCL8, CCL2, CCL5; and the growth factor G-CSF, displayed a bimodal distribution accompanying viremia. While this is the first manuscript to document bimodal distributions of viremia in ZIKV infection, this has been documented in other viral infections, with a primary viremia peak during mild systemic disease and a secondary peak associated with distribution of the virus to organs and tissues. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Biomarker network analysis demonstrated distinct dynamics in concurrence with the bimodal viremia profiles at different time points during ZIKV infection. Such a robust cytokine and chemokine response has been associated with blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroinvasiveness in other flaviviral infections. High-dimensional data analysis further identified CXCL10, a chemokine involved in foetal neuron apoptosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome, as the most promising biomarker of acute ZIKV infection for potential clinical application.


Subject(s)
Chemokines/immunology , Cytokines/blood , Zika Virus Infection/immunology , Acute Disease , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Chemokine CXCL10/blood , Chemokines/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cytokines/immunology , Female , Gene Expression , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Zika Virus Infection/blood , Zika Virus Infection/complications
3.
Virol J ; 15(1): 23, 2018 01 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29370812

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Zika virus is an emerging arbovirus of the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus that until 2007 was restricted to a few cases of mild illness in Africa and Asia. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of atrial fibrillation disclosed during an acute Zika virus infection in a 49-year-old man. Different biological samples were analyzed for the molecular diagnosis of Zika by real-time PCR, however only the saliva specimen was positive. The patient's wife tested positive in the serum sample, although she was an asymptomatic carrier. Moreover, a complete overview of patient's biomarkers, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth-factors levels, was analyzed and compared to gender and age matching non-infected controls, as well as other Zika infected patients, considering the 95%CI of the mean values. Elevated levels of CXCL8, CCL11, CCL2, CXCL10, IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-1Ra, IL-4, IL-9, FGF-basic, PDGF, G-CSF, and GM-CSF were observed in the Atrial fibrillation patient, in contrast to uninfected controls. Furthermore, increased levels of CCL5, IL-1ß, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-9, G-CSF, and GM-CSF were observed only in the atrial fibrillation patient, when compared to other Zika patients. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first description of this type of cardiac disorder in Zika patients which may be considered another atypical manifestation during Zika virus infection.


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Atrial Fibrillation/etiology , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Zika Virus Infection/virology , Zika Virus , Atrial Fibrillation/metabolism , Biomarkers , Cytokines/metabolism , Electrocardiography , Heart Function Tests , Humans , Inflammation Mediators , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography, Thoracic , Zika Virus/classification , Zika Virus/genetics
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 113(6): e170542, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894932

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) manifests in a broad spectrum of disease ranging from mild illness to severe neurological complications and little is known about Zika immunopathogenesis. OBJECTIVES To define the immunologic biomarkers that correlate with acute ZIKV infection. METHODS We characterized the levels of circulating cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 54 infected patients of both genders at five different time points after symptom onset using microbeads multiplex immunoassay; comparison to 100 age-matched controls was performed for statistical analysis and data mining. FINDINGS ZIKV-infected patients present a striking systemic inflammatory response with high levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Despite the strong inflammatory pattern, IL-1Ra and IL-4 are also induced during the acute infection. Interestingly, the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ; chemokines CXCL8, CCL2, CCL5; and the growth factor G-CSF, displayed a bimodal distribution accompanying viremia. While this is the first manuscript to document bimodal distributions of viremia in ZIKV infection, this has been documented in other viral infections, with a primary viremia peak during mild systemic disease and a secondary peak associated with distribution of the virus to organs and tissues. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Biomarker network analysis demonstrated distinct dynamics in concurrence with the bimodal viremia profiles at different time points during ZIKV infection. Such a robust cytokine and chemokine response has been associated with blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroinvasiveness in other flaviviral infections. High-dimensional data analysis further identified CXCL10, a chemokine involved in foetal neuron apoptosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome, as the most promising biomarker of acute ZIKV infection for potential clinical application.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chemokine CXCL10/blood , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Gene Expression , Chemokines/immunology , Zika Virus Infection/immunology
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