Control de una endemia de Acinetobacter baumannii multirresistente en la UCI. Recordando lo obvio / Control of an Acinetobacter baumannii multidrug resistance endemic in the ICU. Recalling the obvious

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[Epidemiological surveillance for multidrug-resistant microorganisms in a general ICU]. / Vigilancia epidemiológica para microorganismos multirresistentes en una UCI polivalente.

OBJECTIVE: Multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms represent a threat for patients admitted in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The objective of the present study is to analyse the results of epidemiological surveillance cultures for these microorganisms in one of these units. METHODS: General ICU. Retrospective analysis, descriptive statistics. Analysis of epidemiological surveillance cultures for MDR microorganisms in 2015. Studied microorganisms: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), ESBL-and/or carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CESBL-KP) and MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB). RESULTS: One thousand, two hundred and fifty nine patients admitted. A total of 2,234 specimens from 384 patients were analysed (690, 634, 62 and 286 were rectal, throat, nasal and skin swabs respectively). Global APACHE II was 18.3 ± 8 versus 21.7 ± 7.8 in patients colonized/infected on admission. Global mortality was 19.7% versus 22.3% in patients colonized/infected on admission. The higher sensitivities achieved with the different samples for the different microorganism detection were as follows. MRSA: 79% and 90% for nasal and nasal + throat swabs, respectively. MDRAB: 80% and 95% for throat and throat + rectal swabs, respectively. CESBL-KP: 95% and 98% for rectal and rectal + throat swabs, respectively. 94 out of the 384 patients (24.4%) were colonized/infected with MDR at admission. 134 patients (10.6% of the total patients admitted) were colonized/infected with a total of 169 MMR during the hospital stay. MRSA has the earliest colonization/infection (9.2 ± 6.4days) and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, the latest (18.7± 16.4 days). CONCLUSIONS: 24.4% of patients were colonized/infected by MDR at admission. Nasal, throat and rectal swabs were the most effective specimens for recovering MRSA, MDRAB and CESBL-KP, respectively. The combination of two specimens improves MDR detection except for CESBL-KP. Skin swabs are worthless. The most prevalent MDR at admission were ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae while the most frequent hospital acquired MDR was MDRAB..

Craneoplastia con vendaje. nuevas formas de limitación del tratamiento de soporte vital y donación de órganos / Cranioplasty with bandaging. new forms of limitation of life support and organ donation

La mayoría de los órganos trasplantados proceden de donantes fallecidos en muerte encefálica (ME). En pacientes neurocríticos con lesiones catastróficas y craniectomía descompresiva (CD) que tienen una pésima evolución a pesar de todo el tratamiento, la CD puede llegar a ser una medida fútil que impida la evolución natural hacia la ME. Planteamos si realizar un vendaje compresivo pericraneal (craneoplastia con vendaje) puede ser una práctica éticamente correcta y comparable a otras formas habituales de limitación del tratamiento de soporte vital (LTSV).A partir de un caso clínico, realizamos una consulta al Comité de Ética Asistencial y a expertos bioéticos, formulando las siguientes cuestiones: 1) En pacientes que se decide la LTSV ¿es éticamente correcto realizar una craneoplastia con vendaje? 2) ¿Es preferible esta opción considerando una posible donación de órganos? Conclusiones 1) La craneoplastia con vendaje puede ser considerada una forma de LTSV éticamente aceptable y similar a otros procedimientos 2) Facilita la donación de órganos para trasplante, lo que aporta valor añadido por el bien social correspondiente 3) En estos casos, es necesario conocer las instrucciones previas del paciente y en su ausencia, obtener el consentimiento familiar por delegación tras un informe detallado del procedimiento (AU)

Most of transplanted organs are obtained from brain death (BD) donors. In neurocritical patients with catastrophic injuries and decompressive craniectomy (DC), which show a dreadful development in spite of this treatment, DC could be a futile tool to avoid natural progress to BD. We propose if cranial compressive bandage (cranioplasty with bandage) could be an ethically correct practice, similar to other life-sustaining treatment limitation (LSTL) common methods. Based on a clinical case, we contacted with the Assistance Ethics Committee and some bioethics professionals asking them two questions: 1) Is ethically correct to perform acranioplasty with bandage in those patients with LSTL indication? 2) Thinking in organ donation possibility, is this option preferable? Conclusions 1) Cranioplasty with bandage could be considered an ethically acceptable LSTL practice, similar to other procedures. 2) It facilitates organ donation for transplant, which provides value-added because of its own social good. 3) In these cases, it is necessary to know previous patient's will or, in absentia, to obtain family consent after a detailed procedure report (AU)

Cranioplasty with bandaging. New forms of limitation of life support and organ donation.

Most of transplanted organs are obtained from brain death (BD) donors. In neurocritical patients with catastrophic injuries and decompressive craniectomy (DC), which show a dreadful development in spite of this treatment, DC could be a futile tool to avoid natural progress to BD. We propose if cranial compressive bandage (cranioplasty with bandage) could be an ethically correct practice, similar to other life-sustaining treatment limitation (LSTL) common methods. Based on a clinical case, we contacted with the Assistance Ethics Committee and some bioethics professionals asking them two questions: 1) Is ethically correct to perform a cranioplasty with bandage in those patients with LSTL indication? 2) Thinking in organ donation possibility, is this option preferable? Conclusions 1) Cranioplasty with bandage could be considered an ethically acceptable LSTL practice, similar to other procedures. 2) It facilitates organ donation for transplant, which provides value-added because of its own social good. 3) In these cases, it is necessary to know previous patient's will or, in absentia, to obtain family consent after a detailed procedure report.

Acidosis láctica y terapia anti-VIH: una asociación infrecuente / Lactic acidosis and human immunodeficiency virus therapy: an infrequent association

La toxicidad mitocondrial es un efecto adverso poco frecuente del tratamiento con algunos antirretrovirales que, entre otros síntomas, se manifiesta por acidosis láctica. Describimos el caso de una paciente con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) que había recibido tratamiento con antirretrovirales del tipo inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa e inhibidores de la proteasa durante un año y que ingresó en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) por un cuadro de shock e insuficiencia renal aguda oligúrica. En los diferentes estudios realizados, destacaba una acidosis láctica grave. A pesar de la retirada del tratamiento con antirretrovirales la paciente evolucionó hacia el fracaso multiorgánico (respiratorio, hemodinámico, renal y hematológico), y falleció a las 20 horas del ingreso (AU)