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1.
Science ; 359(6374): 463-465, 2018 01 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29371470

ABSTRACT

Prior studies have demonstrated that correlated variability changes with cognitive processes that improve perceptual performance. We tested whether correlated variability covaries with subjects' performance-whether performance improves quickly with attention or slowly with perceptual learning. We found a single, consistent relationship between correlated variability and behavioral performance, regardless of the time frame of correlated variability change. This correlated variability was oriented along the dimensions in population space used by the animal on a trial-by-trial basis to make decisions. That subjects' choices were predicted by specific dimensions that were aligned with the correlated variability axis clarifies long-standing paradoxes about the relationship between shared variability and behavior.


Subject(s)
Attention/physiology , Behavior/physiology , Learning/physiology , Neurons/physiology , Perception/physiology , Animals , Evoked Potentials , Haplorhini , Male
2.
Mucosal Immunol ; 11(3): 796-810, 2018 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29067999

ABSTRACT

Sensitization to inhaled allergens is dependent on activation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and on the adaptor molecule, MyD88. However, many cell types in the lung express Myd88, and it is unclear how signaling in these different cell types reprograms cDCs and leads to allergic inflammation of the airway. By combining ATAC-seq with RNA profiling, we found that MyD88 signaling in cDCs maintained open chromatin at select loci even at steady state, allowing genes to be rapidly induced during allergic sensitization. A distinct set of genes related to metabolism was indirectly controlled in cDCs through MyD88 signaling in airway epithelial cells (ECs). In mouse models of asthma, Myd88 expression in ECs was critical for eosinophilic inflammation, whereas Myd88 expression in cDCs was required for Th17 cell differentiation and consequent airway neutrophilia. Thus, both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic MyD88 signaling controls gene expression in cDCs and orchestrates immune responses to inhaled allergens.


Subject(s)
Asthma/immunology , Dendritic Cells/immunology , Eosinophils/immunology , Hypersensitivity/immunology , Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism , Respiratory Mucosa/physiology , Th17 Cells/immunology , Administration, Inhalation , Allergens/immunology , Animals , Cell Communication , Cell Differentiation , Disease Models, Animal , Gene Expression Regulation , Humans , Immunization , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/genetics , Signal Transduction
4.
J Bone Joint Surg Br ; 85(2): 273-4, 2003 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12678366

ABSTRACT

Fractures of the neck of the phalanx of the finger are uncommon, but problematic, injuries in children. Displaced fractures may heal with malunion leading to loss of movement or angular deformity. Remodelling of the phalangeal neck is reported to be minimal because of the distance of the fracture from the physis. We report three displaced fractures in two children who presented late. The fractures were treated conservatively and remodelled completely. Both patients regained full movement of the fingers.


Subject(s)
Bone Remodeling , Finger Injuries/therapy , Fractures, Bone/therapy , Child, Preschool , Female , Finger Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Finger Injuries/physiopathology , Fracture Healing , Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging , Fractures, Bone/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Radiography , Range of Motion, Articular
5.
Clin Liver Dis ; 5(2): 461-78, vii, 2001 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11385972

ABSTRACT

This article presents herbal and alternative therapies used in the treatment of liver disease, both as adjunctive or complementary treatment to Western pharmaceutical strategies, and as an alternative treatment in liver disease, particularly for Hepatitis C Virus. There is a special emphasis on traditional Chinese herbal medicine.


Subject(s)
Complementary Therapies , Liver Diseases/therapy , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Dietary Supplements , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Hepatitis/therapy , Humans , Liver Diseases/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Vitamins/therapeutic use
7.
BMJ ; 320(7237): 728-9, 2000 Mar 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10720338
9.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr ; 22(1): 56-64, 1999 Sep 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10534147

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Alternative medicine or complementary remedies that have not been scientifically tested are nonetheless widely used to treat chronic illnesses, particularly if curative options are limited. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of Chinese medicinal herbs in reducing symptoms and improving the quality of life of HIV-infected persons. DESIGN: Prospective, placebo-controlled double-blind study. SETTING: University-based HIV outpatient clinic. PATIENTS: 68 HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts <0.5 x 10(9)/L. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomized to receive four daily doses of seven pills containing a standardized preparation of 35 Chinese herbs or placebo for 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptoms, HIV disease progression, HIV-1 RNA plasma viral loads, CD4 and CD8 cell counts, and scores on standard questionnaires for quality of life, depression, anxiety, and coping. RESULTS: Intervention and placebo groups were equivalent at baseline regarding, respectively, previous antiretroviral therapy (74% versus 79%), median CD4 cell counts (0.20 x 10(9)/L versus 0.25 x 10(9)/L), and median HIV-1 plasma viral loads (35,612 copies/ml versus 52,027 copies/ml). At enrollment, none of the study subjects was seriously ill or depressed, and average coping and quality of life scores were in the normal range. In all, 53 (78%) participants completed the study. Patients taking Chinese herbs reported significantly more gastrointestinal disturbances (79% versus 38%; p = .003) than those receiving placebo. No therapy-related toxicities were observed. At completion of the study, no significant differences between the intervention and placebo groups were found regarding plasma viral loads, CD4 cell counts, symptoms, and psychometric parameters. HIV-1 RNA level was unchanged at study end. Among participants who were not on concomitant antiretroviral therapy, median CD4 cell counts declined by 0.05 x 10(9)/L in both the intervention and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS: This standardized formulation of Chinese herbs for HIV-infected individuals did not improve quality of life, clinical manifestations, plasma virus loads, or CD4 cell counts. The data suggest that this formulation of Chinese herbs is not effective when administered in a Western medicine setting.


Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV-1 , Adult , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Disease Progression , Double-Blind Method , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gastrointestinal Diseases/chemically induced , HIV-1/genetics , Health Status , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Quality of Life , RNA, Viral/blood , Viral Load
11.
J Rheumatol ; 26(8): 1752-6, 1999 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10451073

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine differences in disease onset, extent, and manifestations of psoriasis among patients with active, inflammatory psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and to examine relationships that may exist between psoriasis and PsA. METHODS: Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed from 221 patients enrolled in a multicenter cooperative study, and relationships between measures of psoriasis and PsA were determined. RESULTS: Mean percentage of body surface area (BSA) affected by psoriasis was modest (12+/-17), and mean severity of erythema, induration, and scaling was moderate (4.9+/-2.1 on a 0-9 scale). Spanish Americans tended to have a higher mean percentage of BSA (18.5%) than Caucasians (11%; p = 0.067), as well as higher target lesion severity (5.55 vs. 4.84; p = 0.077). Patients with psoriatic nail disease (180/221, 81%) had significantly greater number of involved distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints (p = 0.004). There were no other significant associations of skin pattern or regional involvement with PsA. CONCLUSION: Patients with active PsA have generally mild skin disease, and baseline relationships between psoriasis and PsA tend to be weak except for nail involvement and DIP joint activity.


Subject(s)
Psoriasis/physiopathology , Arthritis/epidemiology , Arthritis/ethnology , Arthritis/physiopathology , Arthritis, Psoriatic/epidemiology , Arthritis, Psoriatic/ethnology , Arthritis, Psoriatic/physiopathology , Demography , Disease Progression , Erythema/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psoriasis/epidemiology , Psoriasis/ethnology
14.
J Healthc Risk Manag ; 18(1): 16-27, 1998.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10176546

ABSTRACT

The Institute for Safe Medication Practices and the University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, undertook a hospital survey of medical-surgical hospitals to determine systems-oriented factors that allow the highest level of medication safety. The study incorporated a peer-reviewed and pretested questionnaire, which focused on critical information necessary to yield quality data for comparison. Through analysis, it was shown that over one third of all medication errors reported in the survey involve just six categories--allergies, insulin, heparin, opiates, PCA devices, and potassium concentrates.


Subject(s)
Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , Medication Systems, Hospital/organization & administration , Chicago , Data Collection , Health Care Surveys , Humans , Medication Systems, Hospital/standards , Patient Education as Topic , Pharmacy Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Pharmacy Service, Hospital/standards , Quality of Health Care , Risk Management/organization & administration , Staff Development , United States
17.
NeuroRehabilitation ; 11(3): 255-60, 1998.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24525928

ABSTRACT

A decision tree and decimal rating scales were used for psychotherapy with a patient with post-stroke subcortical motor aphasia. These two methods used in combination were highly efficient in obtaining information about the patient's mood and issues of concern. The patient was able to report on changing levels of anxiety and depression. He was able to relate his emotional state to environmental or personal factors. Values as low as 1 and as high as 10 for anxiety and depression were reported by the patient during the course of 25 psychotherapy sessions. A Pearson correlation indicated that anxiety and depression varied independently.

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