ABSTRACT
Automatisms are commonly seen in epilepsy, either ictally or postictally. However, most automatisms are simple, with hand movements, mouth smacking, nose-rubbing, repetition of a single word, or coughing, grunting, or screeching. Complex automatisms are less common and striking. The authors report two cases of seizure-associated singing where song expression may be recognizable.
Subject(s)
Automatism/etiology , Epilepsy, Complex Partial/physiopathology , Epilepsy, Generalized/physiopathology , Music , Adult , Automatism/physiopathology , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy, Complex Partial/diagnosis , Epilepsy, Generalized/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , VoiceSubject(s)
Blood-Brain Barrier , Gentamicins/pharmacokinetics , Hyperbaric Oxygenation/veterinary , Rabbits/metabolism , Animals , Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay , Gentamicins/administration & dosage , Gentamicins/cerebrospinal fluid , Injections, Intravenous/veterinary , Male , Permeability , Rabbits/cerebrospinal fluidABSTRACT
Human loxoscelism was modeled in albino rabbits by injection of brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) venom, and the effects of daily or twice-daily hyperbaric oxygen treatment on wound healing were investigated. Lesions similar to those seen in humans were produced in rabbits by intradermal injection of 200 microliters of a venom extract (0.21 microgram protein per microliter), including edema and erythema, ischemia and cyanosis in the first 12 hr, extensive purpura by 24 hr, and crateriform ulcer formation by day four, with induration and eschar formation. Hyperbaric oxygen treatments, consisting of two atmospheres absolute (2 ATA) for 60 min, were applied daily (n = 8) or twice daily (n = 8), while control animals (n = 8) received no treatment. Treatments were initiated 72 hr after venom injection (day 3) to duplicate typical clinical treatment delays, and were administered for seven consecutive days. No significant effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on lesion healing were seen as measured by lesion area. However, histologic evaluation of wound tissue collected at euthanasia on day 24 showed clear differences between rabbits receiving twice-daily treatments and those receiving daily or no treatment. The former showed complete re-epithelization or slight ulceration, while the latter usually had necrotic cavities extending into the dermis, with myonecrosis and inflammatory cell accumulation. Thus, no superficial differences were seen between groups, but twice-daily treatments resulted in enhanced recovery at the histologic level.
Subject(s)
Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Spider Bites/therapy , Spider Venoms/poisoning , Animals , Male , Poisoning/therapy , Rabbits , Skin/pathology , Skin Ulcer/etiology , Skin Ulcer/pathology , Wound HealingABSTRACT
Inhalation of pressurized 100% oxygen is a helpful adjunctive treatment for certain patients, because the increased oxygen carried by the blood to the tissue enhances new growth of microcirculation and, thus, healing. Patients with tissue breakdown after radiation therapy, refractory osteomyelitis, gas gangrene, soft-tissue infection with necrosis from mixed aerobic and anaerobic organisms, crush injuries resulting in acute ischemia, and compromised skin grafts or non-healing wounds are likely to benefit from hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
