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1.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 47(3): 101-104, 2015. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-775392

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho é mensurar o efeito da temperatura e tempo de armazenamento na qualidade do hemograma, já que esse é um dos exames laboratoriais mais solicitadose também porque o modelo utilizado por muitos laboratórios, atualmente, consiste em postos de coleta distantes do local de realização dos exames. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue, utilizando sistema de coleta a vácuo, de 15 voluntários e que foram, emseguida, analisadas em 24 e 48 horas, após a coleta, sendo uma parte do material armazenada em temperatura ambiente e outra, refrigerada. As contagens hematológicas foram realizadas no equipamento Sysmex XE 2100. O principal parâmetro do hemograma alterado pela temperatura e tempo de armazenamento foi o VCM, que sofreu um aumento estatisticamente (P <0,001) e clinicamente significativo quando as amostras foram armazenadas em temperatura ambiente por 24 horas (11,4%) e 48 horas (14,8%). Asamostras armazenadas em temperatura refrigerada não mostraram alteração significativaem nenhum parâmetro do hemograma. A análise morfológica das células mostrou macrocitose nas hemácias armazenadas em temperatura ambiente e discreta poiquilocitose nas amostras mantidas sob refrigeração. Estes resultados indicam que asamostras de sangue podem ser consideradas estáveis para o hemograma por até 48 horas, desde que mantidas sob refrigeração.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Blood Cell Count , Blood Specimen Collection , Refrigeration , Temperature , Time
2.
São Paulo; s.n; 2008. xxvi,120 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-509858

ABSTRACT

Acredita-se que a diminuição progressiva da massa de células observada durante a evolução do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM 2) ocorra por apoptose deste tipo celular. As tiazolidinedionas (TZDs), uma classe de medicamentos utilizada no tratamento do DM 2, atuam como ligantes dos receptores ativados por proliferadores de peroxissomos (PPAR) e e promovem diminuição da resistência periférica à insulina. Embora existam estudos controversos, tem se especulado que as TZDs possam exercer efeitos diretos sobre as células pancreáticas, prevenindo a perda por apoptose e melhorando a sua viabilidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos diretos da Pioglitazona (PIO) na concentração de 10 M sobre a viabilidade funcional e o índice de apoptose de ilhotas pancreáticas isoladas de ratos Wistar expostas a concentrações fisiológica (5,6 mM) e suprafisiológica (23 mM) de glicose durante 24, 48 e 72 horas. A viabilidade funcional foi avaliada pela análise da secreção de insulina estimulada por glicose e do conteúdo total de insulina nas ilhotas. O índice de apoptose foi avaliado pela medida da fragmentação do DNA, da expressão do RNAm dos genes Bcl2 (anti-apoptótico) e Bax (pró-apoptótico) e da atividade proteolítica da caspase-3 em ilhotas tratadas e não tratadas com a PIO. Em 5,6 mM de glicose, não se observou efeito significativo sobre a secreção de insulina, mas a avaliação do conteúdo total de insulina evidenciou uma diminuição transitória nas ilhotas tratadas com PIO por 24 horas, seguida por um aumento no conteúdo de insulina quando as ilhotas foram cultivadas por 48 e 72 horas em presença da droga. Em relação à avaliação da apoptose, observou-se uma diminuição na expressão do RNAm do gene Bax nas ilhotas tratadas com PIO por 24 horas, entretanto, após 48 e 72 horas, houve um aumento da expressão do RNAm deste gene nas ilhotas tratadas com a droga. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na expressão do RNAm do gene Bcl2...


The progressive decrease in -cell mass observed during the evolution of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is believed to occur due to cell apoptosis. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of agents used for the treatment T2DM, act as ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and and decrease peripheral insulin resistance. Although still controversial, some studies have shown a direct effect of TZDs on pancreatic -cell, preventing cell loss due to apoptosis and improving their viability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct effects of 10 M Pioglitazone (PIO) on functional viability and apoptosis rate of islets isolated from Wistar rats exposed to physiological (5.6 mM) and supraphysiological (23 mM) glucose concentrations during 24, 48 and 72 hours. The functional viability was evaluated by the analysis of insulin secretion after glucose challenge and of islet total insulin content. Apoptosis rate was evaluated by measurement of DNA fragmentation, of Bcl2 (antiapoptotic) and Bax (proapoptotic) mRNA expression and of proteolytic activity of caspase-3 in pancreatic islets treated or not with PIO. At 5.6 mM glucose concentration, no significant effects in insulin secretion were observed, while a transitory decrease (after 24 hours) followed by an increase in total insulin content was observed in islets treated with PIO for 48 and 72 hours. Regarding apoptosis, a lower expression of Bax mRNA was detected in islets treated with PIO for 24 hours, followed, however, by an increase in the expression of this gene after 48 and 72 hours of drug exposition. PIO treatment did not promote significant changes in Bcl2 mRNA expression, while decreased the apoptosis rate measured by DNA fragmentation only after 48 hours of exposition. At 23 mM glucose concentration, PIO treatment elicited a transitory increase in insulin secretion...


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Apoptosis , Cell Culture Techniques , Diabetes Mellitus , Islets of Langerhans , PPAR gamma , Rats, Wistar , Thiazolidinediones
3.
J Endocrinol ; 183(3): 455-67, 2004 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15590972

ABSTRACT

Strategies to differentiate progenitor cells into beta cells in vitro have been considered as an alternative to increase beta cell availability prior to transplantation. It has recently been suggested that nestin-positive cells could be multipotential stem cells capable of expressing endocrine markers upon specific stimulation; however, this issue still remains controversial. Here, we characterized short- and long-term islet cell cultures derived from three different human islet preparations, with respect to expression of nestin and islet cell markers, using confocal microscopy and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The number of nestin-positive cells was found to be strikingly high in long-term cultures. In addition, a large proportion (49.7%) of these nestin-positive cells, present in long-term culture, are shown to be proliferative, as judged by BrdU incorporation. The proportion of insulin-positive cells was found to be high in short-term (up to 28 days) cultures and declined thereafter, when cells were maintained in the presence of 10% serum, concomitantly with the decrease in insulin and PDX-1 expression. Interestingly, insulin and nestin co-expression was observed as a rare event in a small proportion of cells present in freshly isolated human islets as well as in purified islet cells cultured in vitro for long periods of time. In addition, upon long-term subculturing of nestin-positive cells in 10% serum, we observed reappearance of insulin expression at the mRNA level; when these cultures were shifted to 1% serum for a month, expression of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin was also detected, indicating that manipulating the culture conditions can be used to modulate the nestin-positive cell's fate. Attempts to induce cell differentiation by plating nestin-positive cells onto Matrigel revealed that these cells tend to aggregate to form islet-like clusters, but this is not sufficient to increase insulin expression upon short-term culture. Our data corroborate previous findings indicating that, at least in vitro, nestin-positive cells may undergo the early stages of differentiation to an islet cell phenotype and that long-term cultures of nestin-positive human islet cells may be considered as a potential source of precursor cells to generate fully differentiated/ functional beta cells.


Subject(s)
Insulin/analysis , Intermediate Filament Proteins/analysis , Islets of Langerhans/chemistry , Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis , Biomarkers/analysis , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Collagen , Culture Media , Drug Combinations , Homeodomain Proteins/analysis , Humans , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Insulin/genetics , Laminin , Microscopy, Confocal , Nestin , Proteoglycans , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Stem Cells/chemistry , Time Factors , Trans-Activators/analysis
5.
J. bras. med ; 84(1/2): 18-26, jan.-fev. 2003. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-357955

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar marcadores ultra-sonográficos, bioquímicos e gênicos associados à remodelação mineral óssea em mulheres climatéricas. Foi realizado estudo prospectivo durante um ano, que avaliou pacientes climatéricas matriculadas no Ambulatório de Ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP. Foram excluídas pacientes que haviam feito reposição hormonal prévia, as que usavam drogas que afetam a remodelação óssea e as que apresentavam doenças crônicas ou eram tabagistas. Foram selecionadas 82 mulheres, com idade entre 45 e 60 anos, tempo de menopausa variando de um a 10 anos. As pacientes selecionadas foram submetidas à densitometria óssea, ultra-sonometria óssea, dosagens séricas de osteocalcina e urinária de cross-links de piridinolina. Foi realizado estudo de avaliação genética para determinação do polimorfismo do gene do colágeno tipo I alfa I (COLI AI). O densitômetro utilizado foi Hologic 4500A QDR, a ultra-sonometria óssea utilizou aparelho DBM Sonic 1200 IGEA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Genetic Markers , Biomarkers , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diagnosis , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal , Diagnostic Equipment , Bone Remodeling/physiology
6.
Int J Fertil Womens Med ; 47(4): 174-81, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12199414

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study the polymorphism of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1 A1) gene as a genetic marker, the biochemical markers of formation (osteocalcin) and bone reabsorption (cross-links of pyridinoline-CTx), bone mineral density and bone ultrasonometry compared to bone densitometry (DEXA). METHOD: The study included 82 women ranging in age from 45 to 60 years, menopausal from 1 to 10 years. Polymorphism of COL1 A1 was assessed by PCR (polymerase chain reaction), by the specific allele technique. Bone formation markers were studied using an ELISA (Novocalcin and Active Crosslaps). A Hologic 4500 A QDR (DEXA) densitometer and DBM Sonic 1200 IGEA ultrasonograph were employed. RESULTS: The bone reabsorption marker (cross-links of pyridinoline-CTx) demonstrated statistically significant negative correlation with bone mineral density (lumbar and femoral neck), while the bone formation marker (osteocalcin) did not display a correlation with bone mineral density. Bone ultrasonometry yielded a statistically significant positive correlation with bone densitometry. Collagen type 1 alpha 1 polymorphism was not identified by the technique employed. CONCLUSION: The bone reabsorption marker (cross-links of pyridinoline) and bone ultrasonometry and densitometry are measurements enabling evaluation of bone remodeling.


Subject(s)
Bone Density , Bone Remodeling , Bone Resorption/genetics , Collagen Type I , Collagen/genetics , Menopause , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Amino Acids/metabolism , Bone Resorption/metabolism , Bone Resorption/physiopathology , Climacteric , Collagen/metabolism , Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain , Densitometry , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Genetic Markers , Humans , Middle Aged , Osteocalcin/metabolism , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/metabolism , Polymerase Chain Reaction
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