ABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which causes neurologic, cardiac, vascular, ocular and renal complications. The present study documented the prevalence of diabetes and associated risk factors in 1774 adults who were older than 30 years. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Of the 1452 subjects, 58 (4%) had diagnosed diabetes, 41 (2.9%) undiagnosed diabetes and 130 (9%) had impaired glucose tolerance. The total glucose intolerance was 15. 9%. The prevalences of type 2 diabetes mellitus (9.7%-4.1%) were significantly different in low occupational and high occupational activity groups, respectively (P<0.0001). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 17.9% among the hypertensive group (P<0.0001). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was higher in smokers (P<0.05). Patients with diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes and IGT were older, more obese and have higher blood glucose values, triglyceride values, systolic and diastolic blood pressures than healthy subjects (P<0.001). We conclude that type 2 diabetes mellitus and IGT prevalences are quite high in the urban area of Kayseri, central Anatolia and multivariate analysis indicated that low occupational activity, low leisure activity, family history for diabetes, hypertension and obesity were significant independent risk factors for diabetes mellitus.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Glucose Intolerance/epidemiology , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Female , Glucose Intolerance/diagnosis , Glucose Tolerance Test , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity , Occupations , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Smoking , Socioeconomic Factors , Turkey/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Our experimental study showed that in a dose related manner SP has successful inhibitory effect on the rat uterine horn, and also on the smooth muscle organs; ileum and trachea. We guess that SP can be used in well regulated dosed with least side effects to arrest preterm labor on human being in the future. Up to date there is no manuscript about contraction inhibitory effect of SP on the uterus. We hope this study will be of scientific help.
Subject(s)
Spironolactone/pharmacology , Uterine Contraction/drug effects , Animals , Diethylstilbestrol/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Ileum/drug effects , In Vitro Techniques , Isoxsuprine/administration & dosage , Isoxsuprine/pharmacology , Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Ritodrine/administration & dosage , Ritodrine/pharmacology , Spironolactone/administration & dosage , Trachea/drug effectsABSTRACT
The spontaneous contractions of the rabbit uterine horns and the human myometrial strips were stimulated by oxytocin and buserelin acetate in isolated preparations. Spironolactone application to these models produced inhibitory effects on the contractions. It is concluded that spironolactone has inhibitory effect on the rabbit uterine horn and the human myometrial strip contractions.
Subject(s)
Myometrium/drug effects , Spironolactone/pharmacology , Uterine Contraction/drug effects , Animals , Buserelin/pharmacology , Electrophysiology , Female , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Myometrium/physiology , Oxytocin/pharmacology , Rabbits , Uterus/drug effectsABSTRACT
Isolated rat uterus preparations were used in this study. Ritodrine hydrochloride (Rit), isoxsuprine (Isox), and spironolactone (SP) were applied on the uterus which has spontaneous activity. In similar doses they produced various inhibitory effects. Also, when oxytocin (Oxt) or acetylcholine (Ach) was conducted to the isolated preparations, contractions with high tonus and low amplitude occurred. On this model we investigated the inhibitory effect of spironolactone on the contractions. We conclude that spironolactone can be utilized on the uterus as a uterine contraction inhibitory agent in well regulated doses.
Subject(s)
Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Spironolactone/pharmacology , Uterus/drug effects , Acetylcholine/pharmacology , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , In Vitro Techniques , Oxytocin/pharmacology , Rats , Uterus/physiologyABSTRACT
The therapeutic effects of continuous infusion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and methylprednisolone (MP) in experimental spinal cord injury were studied in Swiss albino rats. Thirty rats received a 53-g clip-compression injury on the cord at T1, then were allocated randomly and blindly to one of three treatment groups (ten animals in each): (1) control; received equal volumes of saline solution; (2) MP; received 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone i.v. 1h after trauma, followed by infusion of 5.4 mg/kg/per hour i.v. for 3h; (3) TRH; received 2 mg/kg TRH i.v. 1h after trauma, followed by infusion of 1 mg/kg/per hour i.v. for 3h. MP and TRH treatments significantly improved somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs; P < 0.001). Both treatments significantly reduced water content, decreased Na+ content and increased the K+ content of the cord segment that included the centre of the impact (P < 0.01). Our data provide evidence for the beneficial effects of high-dose corticosteroid and TRH in promoting electrophysiological recovery and preserving spinal cord tissue following experimental injury.
