[Epidemiology, etiology and psychosocial impact of urogenital fistulas in a cohort of 170 consecutive patients managed in three treatment centers in Burkina Faso from 2010 to 2012]. / Aspects épidémiologiques, étiologiques et impact psychosocial des fistules urogénitales dans une cohorte de 170 patientes consécutives, prises en charge dans trois centres du Burkina Faso de 2010 à 2012.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the socio-demographical aspects, etiologies and psychosocial consequences of urogenital fistula patients (UGF) in Burkina Faso (BF). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Descriptive study of a cohort of consecutive patients during a period of 18 months (December 1st 2010 to August 31st 2012) in three centers of treatment in BF. Each patient has had a standardized complete medical observation focused on sociodemographics, clinical finding, past medical history and etiologies of UGF. Some patients had an interview with a psychologist. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy patients with mean age 35 years (minimum: 16, maximum: 70) were enrolled during the study period. The majority of patients were housewives (90.5%, n=152) and illiterates (92.9%, n=158). Among the patients, 62.4% (n=106) lived in rural zones. Obstetrical fistula was the most common cause of UGF (87.6%, n=149) in our study and prolonged labor occurred in 93.3% (n=139) of cases with 17.5% (n=26) who delivered at home. The majority of our cases were vesico-vaginal fistula (70.6%, n=120). Fifty-five patients (32.4%) were divorced after the fistula. The sensation of humiliation and sadness were noted at all the patients who had a psychological evaluation and 87.5% (n=14) of them have had suicidal ideas. CONCLUSION: The UGF are frequent in Burkina Faso and obstetrical etiology is dominant. The physical and psychosocial repercussions are important for the women victims of this pathology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

[Primary localized bladder amyloidosis]. / L'amylose vésicaoe primitive localisée.

Amyloidosis constitutes a group of storage diseases concerning various proteins, classified as a function of the type of protein. Localized pseudo tumoral amyloidosis of the urinary tract is a rare affection with bladder like the most frequent localisation. In spite of contribution of computerized tomography scans and MRI, the diagnosis is always based on histological examination of cystoscopy samples. Investigations are required to eliminate a generalized amyloidosis or a malignant lymphoproliferation. Treatment should be as conservative as possible on the outside of a massive and recurrent haematuria to be able to involve vital prognosis.

[Prostatic specific antigen and prostatic pathology. Value of preoperative blood assay. Preliminary study apropos of 709 case reports]. / Antigène spécifique de prostate et pathologie prostatique valeur du dosage sérique pré-opératoire. Etude préliminaire à propos de 709 observations.

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a prostate tissue marker detected by immunostaining in 97% of specimens examined. Tissue staining is variable and cancers are more heterogeneous than normal or hyperplastic prostate. Serum PSA levels in patients with normal or hyperplastic lesions are 12 ng/ml + 19 and are positively correlated with the weight of the gland. In patients with carcinoma serum PSA levels are 216 ng/ml + 782 and are positively correlated with tumor spread. PSA assay is of little value for screening for prostatic carcinoma. However, carcinoma of prostate is more frequent when PSA levels are above 10 ng/ml and the level of 50 ng/ml indicates capsular penetration, seminal vesicle or lymph node involvement or metastatic spread.