Analysis of munitions constituents in IMX formulations by HPLC and HPLC-MS.

The use of Insensitive Munitions eXplosives (IMX) is increasing as the Army seeks to replace certain conventional munitions constituents, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotolene (TNT), for improved safety. The IMX formulations are more stable and therefore less prone to accidental detonation while designed to match the performance of legacy materials. Two formulations, IMX 101 and 104 are being investigated as a replacement for TNT in artillery rounds and composition B Army mortars, respectively. The chemical formulations of IMX-101 and 104 are comprised of four constituents;2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), 1-nitroguanidine (NQ), and Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) which are mixed in various ratios to achieve the desired performance. The current work details the analysis of the IMX constituents by single column HPLC-UV-ESI-MS. Detection limits determined are in agreement with similar HPLC analysis of compounds, ranging from 7 to 9µg/L. Gradient mobile phases are used to allow separation of the 4 target compounds in more complex mixture of other concomitant compounds. Mass spectra are used to confirm analyte identity with chromatographic retention time.

Liposuction and the law.

Although liposuction surgery seems to have a very low risk for medical malpractice claims, it is important that each surgeon minimize his or her own potential risk for such claims. The surgeon should routinely undertake a comprehensive evaluation of the daily workings of the office and surgical facilities. This should include an objective critique of his or her own professional behavior and that of the employees. No one can make themselves totally immune to claims of malpractice; however, with some insight every physician can reduce lawsuit exposure.