ABSTRACT
La actividad epiléptica (AE) está relacionada con el ciclo sueño vigilia. Se ha demostrado que la AE se incrementa durante las etapas II y III del sueño y disminuye o desaparece durante el sueño REM. En 1971 Patry y colaboradores describieron en niños el estado epiléptico eléctrico y subclínico inducido por el sueño, nombre que posteriormente fue cambiado por el de epilepsia con espigas y ondas continuas durante el sueño lento. Para confirmar el diagnóstico, el índice de espiga-onda debe ser mayor del 85/100
Subject(s)
Epilepsy , Sleep, REM , ColombiaABSTRACT
Achondroplasia (ACh) is the most frequent bone dysplasia. The mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant. The incident of neurological complications ranges between 20% and 47%; frequently the symptoms are subtle but are due to such serious conditions as cervicomedullary compressive syndromes, syringomyelia or hydrocephalus; thus, the early identification of this disorder is very important. We made a prospective study of 39 patients (20 female, 19 male) with ACh; their ages ranged from 3 months to 17 years (mean 4 years and 6 months). All patients had hypotonia and psychomotor delay; 3 had recurrent apnea, 1 developed radicular syndrome and 1 had leg paresthesias. The CT scan was normal in 5, 20 had cortical atrophy and 18 communicating hydrocephalus; we identified foramen magnum abnormalities in 28 patients, and reduced craniocervical junction with cervicomedullary compression in 6. Myelography and myelotomography demonstrated spinal compression in 12 patients. The MRI showed cervicomedullary infarct in 1, syringomyelia in 2 and diastematomyelia in 1. The somatosensory evoked responses (SSER) were very useful in the early identification of brain stem and spinal abnormalities. We concluded that the neurological manifestations of pediatric patients with ACh are frequent and very important, demanding comprehensive clinical evaluation even in asymptomatic patients, especially those with severe hypotonia or SSER alterations.
Subject(s)
Achondroplasia/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Neurologic Examination , Adolescent , Brain/pathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory/physiology , Female , Humans , Hydrocephalus/diagnosis , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Muscle Hypotonia/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Psychomotor Disorders/diagnosis , Spinal Canal/pathology , Spinal Cord/pathology , Spinal Cord Compression/diagnosisABSTRACT
Swines with cysticercosis are a useful model to study human disease. A multidisciplinary approach was undertaken to study in detail the effect of praziquantel treatment on hosts and parasites. Computerised tomographic scans showed changes in the number and size of parasites in treated pigs. These changes were more apparent in muscle than in brain cysticerci. Neurophysiologic data were normal in cysticercotic pigs before and after drug treatment. An increase in antibody response was seen immediately after treatment regarding the amount of antibodies and number of antigens recognised. A lower number of polyploid lymphocytes was seen after treatment in cysticercotic pigs as compared to untreated pigs. At different times after treatment pigs were humanely euthanised. Oxygen consumption rate of cysticerci decreased after treatment and evagination was abolished. The inflammatory reaction that surrounded parasites increased in number and type of cells. This was more apparent around cysticerci obtained from muscle than from the brain.
