Does Racial Isolation in School Lead to Long-Term Disadvantages? Labor Market Consequences of High School Racial Composition.

School racial composition has modest effects on test score gaps, but evidence of a longer-term impact is scarce. Perpetuation theory suggests that blacks who attend schools with higher proportions of white classmates may have better job outcomes. Multilevel analyses of two national longitudinal surveys reveal no effects of high school racial composition on occupational status, employment, or annual earnings for blacks or whites. For other minority groups, attending schools with more whites impedes occupational advancement. For all groups, however, school racial composition predicts workplace racial composition: Whites who attend high schools with higher proportions of white students have higher proportions of white coworkers, while nonwhites who attend schools with higher proportions of whites have fewer same-race coworkers. The findings are modest in size but robust to alternative specifications, and sensitivity analyses support a causal interpretation for same-race coworkers. These results support perpetuation theory for workplace composition but not for stratification outcomes.

Recursos familiares e o desempenho cognitivo dos alunos do ensino básico brasileiro / Family resources and cognitive performance by primary school students in Brazil

This article discusses the processes by which family structure affects students' cognitive performance in Brazilian schools. The article's basic premise is that family influence is not a uni-dimensional construct, and the study thus uses four dimensions to capture such influence. The effects of these factors on students' performance are measured through a school attainment analysis model. The data are compatible with a model in which the parents' involvement acts as a mediating factor for the action of cultural resources, which in turn depend on economic resources, which have only indirect effects on students' cognitive performance in primary school.

Dans cet article, on examine les processus à travers lesquels la structure familiale peut gêner les performances cognitives des élèves au Brésil. On part du pressupposé que l'influence de la famille ne repose pas sur un principe unidimensionnel mais que, pour la saisir, il faut se servir de quatre dimensions. Les effets de ces facteurs sur les résultats scolaires des élèves sont examinés par le moyen d'un modèle d'analyse des trajectoires. Les données sont compatibles avec un modèle où l'engagement des parents agit comme un facteur de médiation dans l'intervention des ressources culturelles qui, à leur tour, dépendent des ressources économiques; celles-ci n'ont que des effets indirects sur les performances cognitives des élèves de l'enseignement primaire et secondaire.

High dose of nifedipine in severe pulmonary hypertension associated with systemic lupus erythematosus

Relatam-se dois casos de pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico que apresentavam hipertensão pulmonar grave e refratária. Após estudos hemodinâmicos, ambos os pacientes foram tratados com nifedipina em doses altas e apresentaram melhora funcional marcante, apesar de os estudos hemodinâmicos após administração aguda da droga terem demonstrado apenas melhora moderada. A hipertensão pulmonar no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico é uma doença heterogênea e a relação entre a resposta hemodinâmica a curto prazo e a melhora funcional a longo prazo não é bem compreendida