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1.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 25(4): 214-221, jul.-ago. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-176600

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la prevalencia de dolor irruptivo (DI) en pacientes ambulatorios con dolor crónico de origen no oncológico y caracterizar la fisiopatología, localización, intensidad y frecuencia de los episodios de DI. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y no intervencionista realizado en 16 unidades de dolor ambulatorias de hospitales de Andalucía y Ceuta. Se preguntó a los pacientes consecutivos elegibles si experimentan DI definido como "una exacerbación transitoria del dolor que ocurre espontáneamente, o en relación con un desencadenante predecible o impredecible específico, a pesar del dolor de base estable y controlado". En cada día de la encuesta, los dos primeros pacientes que confirmaron DI fueron preguntados sobre las características clínicas de su PTP (etiología, inicio, intensidad, frecuencia y tratamiento). Resultados: Se realizó un cribaje a un total de 3209 pacientes con dolor crónico no oncológico para identificar a 1118 pacientes con DI, lo que representó una prevalencia del 36 %. Se obtuvieron las características del DI de 350 pacientes: la intensidad media fue de 8,3 (± 1,4) en una Escala Analógica Visual (EVA), con una media de 2 episodios/24 horas (rango 1-5/24 h). El mecanismo del dolor fue mixto en 149 (42,6 %), neuropático en 91 (26 %) y nociceptivo en 72 (20,6 %) de los pacientes. Se encontró correlación positiva entre una mayor intensidad de DI con el nivel de dolor basal (r = 0,243, p < 0,001), y el número de crisis diarias de DI (r = 0,123, p = 0,003), ambas estadísticamente significativas. El 78 % de los pacientes estaba en tratamiento con opioides. Los más frecuentes fueron el citrato de fentanilo (52,6 %) y el tramadol (17,4 %). Conclusiones: La tasa de prevalencia del DI en pacientes con dolor crónico no oncológico es superior a un tercio de los pacientes atendidos en las unidades ambulatorias de dolor hospitalario en España. El DI provoca niveles reducidos de funcionalidad, trastornos psicológicos y un aumento del gasto asistencial. La clave del tratamiento es la individualización


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of breakthrough pain (BTP) in ambulatory patients with non-cancer chronic pain in Spain and to characterize physiopathology, location, intensity and frequency of BTP episodes. Methods: Prospective, non-interventional, observational study conducted in 16 pain units of hospitals of Andalusia and Ceuta. Eligible consecutive patients were are asked if they experience BTP defined as "a transient exacerbation of pain that occurs either spontaneously, or in relation to a specific predictable or unpredictable trigger, despite stable and controlled background pain". At each survey day, the first two patients reporting BTP were further interrogated on the clinical characteristics of their BTP (etiology, onset, intensity, frequency and treatment). Results: A total of 3,209 patients with non-cancer chronic pain were screened to identify 1,118 patients with BTP, which represented a prevalence of 36 %. BTP characteristics were retrieved from 350 patients: mean BTP intensity was 8.3 (± 1.4) on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), with a mean of 2 episodes/24 hour (range 1-5/24 h). Pain mechanism was mixed in 149 (42.6 %), neuropathic in 91 (26 %) and nociceptive in 72 in (20.6 %) of patients. Significant correlation was found between BTP intensity and both higher background pain (r = 0.243, p < 0.001), and daily BTP episodes frequency (r = 0.123, p = 0.003). 78 % of the patients were on opioid treatment. The most frequent were fentanyl citrate (52.6 %) and tramadol (17.4 %). Conclusions: The prevalence rate of BTP in patients with chronic non-oncologic pain is higher than one-third of the patients seen in outpatient hospital pain units in Spain. BTP causes reduced levels of functionality, psychological disorders, and an increase in health care expenditure. Individualization is the key to treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breakthrough Pain/epidemiology , Chronic Pain/complications , Pain Management/methods , Prospective Studies , Pain Measurement , Pain Clinics/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(6): 1231-1235, nov.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-104793

ABSTRACT

Las situaciones que plantean problemas éticos en relación con la nutrición y la hidratación son muy frecuentes hoy día, principalmente a nivel hospitalario tanto en pacientes terminales como en otro tipo de pacientes que precisen de hidronutrición. En este artículo se pretende analizar las sencillas en sus fundamentos, a la luz de valores éticos ampliamente aceptados, para intentar enunciar un modo de actuación claro que ayude en su resolución a los clínicos que han de tomar estas difíciles decisiones. Las situaciones problema analizadas incluyen, entre otras, si la hidratación y la nutrición deben considerarse medidas terapéuticas o cuidados básicos, y si presentan iguales aspectos éticos la nutrición enteral y la parenteral (AU)


Conditions that pose ethical problems related to nutrition and hydration are very common now days, particularly within Hospitals among terminally ill patients and other patients who require nutrition and hydration. In this article we intend to analyze some circumstances, according to widely accepted ethical values, in order to outline a clear action model to help clinicians in making such difficult decisions. The problematic situations analyzed include: should hydration and nutrition be considered basic care or therapeutic measures?, and the ethical aspects of enteral versus parenteral nutrition (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Nutritional Support/ethics , Fluid Therapy/ethics , Decision Making/ethics , Basic Health Services , Bioethical Issues , Intubation, Gastrointestinal/ethics , Treatment Refusal/ethics
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 26(6): 1231-5, 2011.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22411365

ABSTRACT

Conditions that pose ethical problems related to nutrition and hydration are very common nowdays, particularly within Hospitals among terminally ill patients and other patients who require nutrition and hydration. In this article we intend to analyze some circumstances, according to widely accepted ethical values, in order to outline a clear action model to help clinicians in making such difficult decisions. The problematic situations analyzed include: should hydration and nutrition be considered basic care or therapeutic measures?, and the ethical aspects of enteral versus parenteral nutrition.


Subject(s)
Ethics, Medical , Fluid Therapy/ethics , Nutritional Support/ethics , Humans , Intubation, Gastrointestinal , Parenteral Nutrition/ethics
4.
Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor ; 16(2): 79-86, mar. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-73811

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Valorar la efectividad global de la acupuntura como terapia complementaria en la reducción del dolor crónico en grupos apareados (antes-después) de pacientes en condiciones de práctica clínica real. Conocer en qué proporción disminuye el consumo de analgésicos en estos pacientes tras un ciclo de acupuntura. Determinar las reacciones adversas debidas a acupuntura. Distinguir la efectividad de la acupuntura en la reducción del dolor en diversas patologías para averiguar en cuáles es más efectiva. Material y métodos: Estudio cuasi experimental en 225 pacientes ambulatorios con dolor refractario a tratamiento farmacológico convencional. Medición con una escala múltiple de valoración del dolor antes de iniciar el ciclo de tratamiento con acupuntura, después de realizar diagnóstico según la medicina tradicional china y al terminar el ciclo de tratamiento. Resultados: Se ha obtenido un nivel de significación p < 0,001 para el valor total de la escala de dolor y para cada una de sus variables (intensidad, frecuencia, consumo de analgésicos, discapacidad y sueño) antes y después del tratamiento con acupuntura. Tras la aplicación de un ciclo de acupuntura, el total de la escala de dolor disminuyó en un 60,6%; la intensidad en un 55,5%; la frecuencia en un 51,2%; el consumo de analgésicos en un 68,2%; la discapacidad en un 59,9%; el sueño mejoró en un 74,1%. Las patologías más frecuentes fueron lumbalgia, fibromialgia y cefalea. No se observaron efectos adversos de la acupuntura. El 11% de los sujetos presentaba intolerancia a fármacos. Conclusiones: La acupuntura es un procedimiento que consume escasos recursos y es altamente efectiva en el tratamiento complementario del dolor crónico. La reducción en la ingesta de fármacos en pacientes con dolor se traduce además en un incremento de la calidad de vida, disminución de efectos secundarios, reducción del coste para el sistema sanitario y aumento de la satisfacción del usuario (...) (AU)


Objectives: To evaluate the overall effectiveness of acupuncture as a complementary therapy in relieving chronic pain in paired groups (before-after) of patients in a real life clinical setting. To determine the extent to which analgesic consumption is reduced in these patients after an acupuncture cycle. To determine the adverse reactions due to acupuncture. To evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture in reducing pain in distinct clinical entities in order to identify those in which this therapeutic modality is most effective. Material and methods: We performed a quasi-experimental study in 225 outpatients with pain refractory to conventional pharmacological therapy. Pain was measured with a multiple-item pain scale before the acupuncture cycle was started, after the traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis was made, and when the treatment cycle was complete. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.001) before and after acupuncture treatment were obtained for the overall pain score and for each of its variables (intensity, frequency, analgesic consumption, disability, and sleep). After the acupuncture cycle, the total pain score decreased by 60.6%, intensity by 55.5%, frequency by 51.2%, analgesic consumption by 68.2%, disability by 59.9%, and sleep improved by 74.1%. The most frequent disorders were low back pain, fibromyalgia, and headache. No adverse effects of acupuncture were observed. Eleven percent of the patients showed drug intolerance. Conclusions: Acupuncture consumes few resources and is highly effective in the complementary treatment of chronic pain. The reduction in analgesic consumption in patients with pain increases quality of life and patient satisfaction and reduces adverse effects and healthcare costs. Larger studies are required to identify the disorders in which acupuncture should be considered a first-line option (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Acupuncture Analgesia/instrumentation , Acupuncture Analgesia/methods , Pain/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Combined Modality Therapy/trends , Treatment Outcome , Quality of Life , Acupuncture Analgesia/trends , Low Back Pain/therapy , Fibromyalgia/therapy , Headache/therapy
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 9(3): 155-62, 1994.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8018756

ABSTRACT

Pre-operative nutrition in patients with colon/rectum cancer is important in ensuring that they are suitably prepared for the operation. Two pre-operative methods for preparation on the colon were compared: the first is that we normally use, of five days of residue-free hospital meals, cleansing enemas, laxatives and three litres of polyethylene glucol solution. The new method we describe is easy enough to be implemented by the patient at home, and combines enhanced nutrition with an excellent level of intra-colon cleaning: it involves the exclusive administration for four days of Ensure HN (a complete, defined, pre-prepared low-fibre diet, in a variety of flavours) and the application of two cleansing enemas the evening prior to the operation. Eighteen parameters were assessed, on the entry of each patient to the study, on the day of the operation, and six days following the operations; the parameters obtained after the trial show statistically significant differences (p < 0.05-p < 0.001) in favour of the second method for 17 of the parameters, following preparation; when each group was compared within itself prior to and following preparation. The values for all but two parameters were seen to drop, notably proteins, by 28.37% (p < 0.01), weight by 8.17%, albumin by 3.43% and hemoglobin by 17.72%, in the first group while, in the second, there were rises in proteins (3.72%), albumin (7.26%), hemoglobin (5.48%), leukocytes, calcium and triglycerides. The level of cleansing of the intestine continued to be excellent, without significant differences between the two methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Subject(s)
Carbohydrates/therapeutic use , Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy , Dietary Sucrose , Food, Formulated , Preoperative Care/methods , Aged , Cefotaxime/therapeutic use , Chi-Square Distribution , Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Enema , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Premedication , Preoperative Care/statistics & numerical data
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