Circulating Osteogenic Progenitor Cells Enhanced with Teriparatide or Denosumab Treatment.

Circulating osteogenic precursor (COP) cells are peripheral blood cells with a capacity for osteogenesis. The objective of our study was to ascertain the percentage of COPs as an early biomarker of osteoporosis and the effect of these cells in response to Denosumab (DmAb) (anti-resorptive) or to Teriparatide (TPDP) (anabolic) as very effective drugs in the treatment of the illness. A first study was conducted on healthy volunteers, with three age ranges, to determine the percentage of COPs and relate it to their anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, followed by a second longitudinal study on patients with osteoporosis, whereby one group of patients was treated with TPTD and another with DmAb. All were analyzed by cytometry for COP percentage in blood, bone turnover markers, and bone mass. Our findings show that COPs are influenced by age and become more prolific in the stages of growth and skeletal maturation. A higher percentage of COPs is found in osteoporotic disease, which could constitute a predictive marker thereof. We also show how treatment with TPTD or DmAb mobilizes circulating osteogenic precursors in the blood. Significant increases in % COPs were observed after 12 months of treatment with Dmb (21.9%) and TPTD (17%). These results can be related to an increase in osteogenesis and, consequently, a better and more efficient repair of bone tissue.

The Fracture Liaison Service of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital Reduces the Gap in the Management of Osteoporosis, Particularly in Men. It Meets the International Osteoporosis Foundation Quality Standards.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the Fracture Liaison Service (FLS), to know the characteristics of the patients attended with emphasis on sex differences, and to know the compliance of International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) quality standards. METHODS: Observational, prospective research. All the consecutive patients that attended in usual clinical practice from May 2018 to October 2019, were over 50 years, and with a fragility fracture (FF), were included. RESULTS: Our FLS is a type A multidisciplinary unit. We included 410 patients, 80% women. FF recorded in 328 women were: Hip (132, 40%), Clinical Vertebral (81, 25%) and No hip No vertebral (115, 35%). Those in 82 men were: Hip (53, 66%), Clinical Vertebral (20, 24%) and No hip No vertebral (9, 10%), p = 0.0001. Men had more secondary osteoporosis (OP). The most remarkable result was the low percentage of patients with OP receiving treatment and the differences between sex. Forty-nine (16%) women versus nine (7%) men had received it at some point in their lives, p = 0.04. The probability of a man not receiving prior treatment was 2.5 (95%CI 1.01-6.51); p = 0.04, and after the FF was 0.64 (0.38-1.09). Treatment adherence in the first year after the FLS was 96% in both sexes. The completion of IOF quality standards was bad for patient identification and reference time. It was poor for initial OP screening standard and good for the remaining ten indicators. CONCLUSIONS: the FLS narrowed the gap in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of fragility fracture patients, especially men. The FLS meets the IOF quality standards.

Fragility Fractures and Imminent Fracture Risk in the Spanish Population: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

Fragility fractures constitute a major public health problem worldwide, causing important high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim was to present the epidemiology of fragility fractures and to assess the imminent risk of a subsequent fracture and mortality. This is a retrospective population-based cohort study (n = 1369) with a fragility fracture. We estimated the incidence rate of index fragility fractures and obtained information on the subsequent fractures and death during a follow-up of up to three years. We assessed the effect of age, sex, and skeletal site of index fracture as independent risk factors of further fractures and mortality. Incidence rate of index fragility fractures was 86.9/10,000 person-years, with highest rates for hip fractures in women aged ≥80 years. The risk of fracture was higher in subjects with a recent fracture (Relative Risk(RR), 1.80; p < 0.01). Higher age was an independent risk factor for further fracture events. Significant excess mortality was found in subjects aged ≥80 years and with a previous hip fracture (hazard ratio, 3.43 and 2.48, respectively). It is the first study in Spain to evaluate the incidence of major osteoporotic fractures, not only of the hip, and the rate of imminent fracture. Our results provide further evidence highlighting the need for early treatment.

Incidence, morbidity and mortality of hip fractures over a period of 20 years in a health area of Southern Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of osteoporotic hip fracture in the Macarena Health Area (Seville). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a prospective observational study that collected all osteoporotic hip fractures that occurred between March 2013 and February 2014 at the Clinical Unit of Traumatology and Orthopaedics. All cases collected during the first 6 months of the study were followed for 1 year after the occurrence of the event. OUTCOME MEASURES: We evaluated the incidence of osteoporotic hip fractures in the Macarena Health Area (Seville) from 1 March 2013 to 28 February 2014, and we compared the incidence with that in 2 previous studies carried out with the same methodology in 1994 and 2006. Furthermore, we calculated the morbidity and degree of disability 1 year after the fracture occurred and determined mortality and the associated factors. RESULTS: The overall incidence was 228 per 100 000 individuals/year (95% CI 204.5 to 251.6), and the incidence was higher in women than in men. In women, the incidence rate decreased in all age groups over time, while in men, the incidence rate increased. The mortality rate 1 year after the episode was 27.2%. The factors associated with overall mortality were a body mass index below 25 kg/m2, renal failure and low plasma proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a high incidence of osteoporotic hip fracture that is increasing in men, and in men it is associated with a higher mortality than in women. There is room to improve the modifiable factors associated with mortality and the available rehabilitation interventions to reduce the disability associated with these fractures.

[Immunological, virological and clinical response in patients infected with HIV after highly active antiviral therapy with nelfinavir: prospective cohort study]. / Respuesta inmunológica, virológica y clínica en pacientes infectados por el VIH tras terapia antirretroviral de gran eficacia con nelfinavir: estudio sobre una cohorte prospectiva.

INTRODUCTION: To assess the long-term effectiveness, safety and response-related factors in a cohort of HIV-infected persons receiving antiretroviral therapy containing nelfinavir. Design and setting. Prospective, non-randomized multicenter study. METHOD: A total of 792 patients were included: 254 (32.1%) treatment-naive patients and 538 (67.9%) patients previously treated with protease inhibitors who were switched to a nelfinavir-containing regimen due to virological failure or intolerance. Factors related to virological response and to treatment failure were assessed by standard survival techniques and Cox proportional risk models. RESULTS: Nelfinavir was well tolerated; treatment had to be interrupted in only 57 patients (7.1%) because of toxicity. During a median follow-up of 12 months, 31 patients (3.9%) experienced a new AIDS-defining event or death, and 463 (58.4%) showed immunological response. Overall, 52% patients achieved plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below 500 copies/mL (57% of naive and 49% of previously treated patients), but a high rate of virological rebound (24% and 49%, respectively) was observed. Low baseline viral load and few prior treatments were factors related to virological response. Naive treatment status and a high increase in CD4 cell count were predictive of longer viral response. CONCLUSIONS: Highly active antiretroviral therapy with a nelfinavir-containing regimen was associated with favorable virological response in nearly half of previously treated patients, and most experienced clinical and immunological benefits. Nevertheless, the limited duration of virological response indicates the need for new alternative drugs.

Respuesta inmunológica, virológica y clínica en pacientes infectados por el VIH tras terapia antirretroviral de gran eficacia con nelfinavir: estudio sobre una cohorte prospectiva / Immunological, virological and clinical response in patients infected with HIV after highly active antiviral therapy with nelfinavir: prospective cohort study

INTRODUCCIÓN. Evaluar la eficacia, tolerancia y factores asociados a la respuesta a largo plazo en una cohorte de pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) con un tratamiento que incluya nelfinavir. DISEÑO. Estudio prospectivo y multicéntrico, no aleatorizado. MÉTODO. Se incluyeron un total de 792 pacientes: 254 (32,1 por ciento) sin ningún tratamiento previo y 538 (67,9 por ciento) previamente tratados con inhibidores de la proteasa (IP) que cambiaron a un régimen con nelfinavir. El análisis se realizó mediante el método de curvas actuariales de Kaplan-Meier y modelos de riesgo proporcional de Cox. RESULTADOS. Nelfinavir fue bien tolerado y tan sólo 57 pacientes (7,1 por ciento) interrumpieron el tratamiento debido a efectos secundarios. Tras un año de seguimiento medio, 31 pacientes (3,9 por ciento) tuvieron un nuevo episodio definitorio de sida o muerte y se observó respuesta inmunológica en 463 (58,4 por ciento). Globalmente, el 52 por ciento de los pacientes alcanzó una carga viral indetectable (57 por ciento de vírgenes y 49 por ciento de pretratados), pero un alto porcentaje de ellos (24 y 49 por ciento, respectivamente) experimentó un rebrote tras una favorable respuesta inicial. Los factores relacionados con la respuesta virológica fueron una baja carga viral al inicio y un menor número de tratamientos previos. Los pacientes sin tratamiento previo y con una respuesta inmunológica mayor tuvieron una respuesta viral más duradera. CONCLUSIONES. El tratamiento antirretroviral con nelfinavir consigue una respuesta viral favorable en casi la mitad de los pacientes pretratados y la mayoría experimentan un beneficio clínico e inmunológico. Sin embargo, la limitada durabilidad de la respuesta virológica pone de manifiesto la necesidad de nuevos fármacos alternativos (AU)