ABSTRACT
New spiroindolinone antagonists of CRTH2 are described. Following identification of insufficient stability in human plasma as an important liability of the lead compounds, replacement of the spirosuccinimide core with a spirohydantoin or spiropyrrolidinone structure has yielded a compound that is fully stable in human plasma and with good potency in a human whole blood assay (IC50 = 69 nM) but shows a much lower oral bioavailability (6-9% in rodents) than the earlier compounds. Successive optimization aimed at restoring an acceptable oral bioavailability has yielded compound (S)-17a, which exhibits both stability in human plasma and a good oral bioavailability in rat (37%) and mouse (39%). This compound is also active in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation following oral dosing at 30 mg/kg.
ABSTRACT
A novel chemical class of potent chemoattractant receptor-homologous expressed on Th2 lymphocytes (CRTH2 or DP2) antagonists is reported. An initial and moderately potent spiro-indolinone compound ( 5) was found during a high-throughput screening campaign. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigation around the carboxylic acid group revealed that changes in this part of the molecule could lead to a reversal of functional activity, yielding weakly potent agonists. SAR investigation of the succinimide functional group led to the discovery of several single-digit nanomolar antagonists. The potency of these compounds was confirmed in a human eosinophil chemotaxis assay. Moreover, compounds ( R)- 58 and ( R)- 71 were shown to possess pharmacokinetic properties suitable for development as an orally bioavailable drug.
Subject(s)
Hypersensitivity/drug therapy , Indoles/classification , Indoles/pharmacology , Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors , Spiro Compounds/classification , Spiro Compounds/pharmacology , Animals , Binding Sites , Caco-2 Cells , Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects , Crystallography, X-Ray , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors , Dogs , Drug Design , Humans , Indoles/chemistry , Inflammation/drug therapy , Male , Microsomes/drug effects , Microsomes/metabolism , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spiro Compounds/chemistry , Stereoisomerism , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
We report a novel chemical class of potent oxytocin receptor antagonists showing a high degree of selectivity against the closely related vasopressin receptors (V1a, V1b, V2). An initial compound, 7, was shown to be active in an animal model of preterm labor when administered by the intravenous but not by the oral route. Stepwise SAR investigations around the different structural elements revealed one position, the arenesulfonyl moiety, to be amenable to structural changes. Consequently, this position was used to introduce a variety of substituents to improve the physicochemical properties. Some of the resulting analogues were found to be superior to 7 both in terms of potency in vitro and aqueous solubility, which translated into significantly improved efficacy in the animal model after intravenous and oral administration. The best compound, 73, potently inhibited oxytocin-induced uterine contractions in nonpregnant rats and reduced spontaneous uterine contractions in late-term pregnant rats.
