Side Effects After Use of Bedside Thaw Method for Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantations in a Pediatric Cohort: A Single-center Experience.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several strategies and procedures have been described for thawing umbilical cord blood (UCB) products. The ideal method for each center depends on the resources, staff training, and access to each of these. We retrospectively evaluated the incidence of side effects using the bedside thaw method after unrelated UCB transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: For 34 children, patient, donor, graft characteristics, and side effects were identified. In addition, we attempted to identify the risk factors that could be associated with side effects. RESULTS: 68% of patients experienced any adverse reaction. All the reactions were mild and transient events. The most frequent side effects were vomiting, hypertension, hemolytic reactions, and fever. There were more gastrointestinal events with a faster infusion rate. CONCLUSION: The thawed at the bedside method is a practical, easy, and safe technique for cord blood transplantation in pediatric-patient settings.

Incidence and Prognostic Significance of High-Risk Cytogenetically Abnormalities in Multiple Myeloma Patients in Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological cancer, several cytogenetics abnormalities such as t(4;14), del (17p), and t(14;16) were identified as a high-risk for survival, in Latin America, we have very little data on cytogenetic alterations in MM. This study describes the incidence of high-risk cytogenetically abnormalities in a Colombian population and prognostic significance. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort of new diagnostic Multiple Myeloma between 2016 and 2020, we identified a high-risk cytogenetically abnormalities t(4;14), t(14;16), and 17p deletions by FISH techniques and described incidence. We followed patients until progression or death and comparing progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), according with high- risk cytogenetically features. RESULTS: We included 135 newly diagnosed MM patients, the incidence of high-risk cytogenetically abnormalities were 30.3%, with 17.1% of 17p deletions, 14.1% of t(4;14) and 2.25% of t(14;16). According to the high risk cytogenetically abnormalities, the median PFS for the group of no abnormalities were 50.2 months 95% CI [25.2-62.4] and for the group of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities 33.9 months 95% CI [23.6-NA] (P = .2). For OS the median were 76.9 months, 95% CI [67.5-NA] and 42.7 months 95% CI [33.3-NA], respectively (P = .009). CONCLUSION: High-risk cytogenetically abnormalities were independent risk factor for OS but not PFS in this cohort of patients, and the incidence of del (17p) was slightly higher than the literature reports.  MICROABSTRACT: Prognostic significance of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities in Multiple Myeloma in Colombia is unknown. In a retrospective cohort study of 135 newly, diagnostic Multiple Myeloma we found incidence of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities was 30.3%. The hazard ratio (HR) for disease progression or death compared high-risk cytogenetic group vs. control was 1.22, (95% CI, 0.73-2.05) (P = .2), and The HR for death for the group of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities was 2.17, (95% CI, 1.19-3.97). In the group of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, if the patient received VRD as induction treatment the median PFS were 41.2 months 95% CI [13.3-NA] and 33.9 months 95% CI [24.9-NA] for patients with different induction treatment (P = .56).

Measurable Residual Disease Assessment and Allogeneic Transplantation as Consolidation Therapy in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: Detectable minimal residual disease (MRD) after therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the strongest predictor of hematologic relapse. The objective of the study was to assess disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with ALL according with MRD status at the end of induction therapy in a Colombian population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We assessed a retrospective cohort to compare DFS and OS in adults with de novo ALL according to MRD status at the end of induction chemotherapy, and the type of postinduction consolidation strategy used. RESULTS: A total of 165 adults with ALL were included in the MRD part of the study, 73 patients in the MRD-negative group and 92 in the MRD-positive group. Median DFS for the MRD-positive group was 11 months (95% confidence interval, 11.7-22.2) and was not reached for the MRD-negative group (P < .001). At 3 years, DFS was 18% and 55%, respectively (P < .001). The median OS for MRD-positive patients was 16 months (95% confidence interval, 8.8-23.15) and was not reached in the MRD-negative group. At 3 years, OS was 26% and 51% for the former and latter group, respectively. Among subjects who did not receive a transplant, median DFS was 21 months for MRD-negative patients and 9 months for MRD-positive patients (P < .001). The median DFS was not reached in either group, whereas 3-year DFS was 64% for MRD-negative and 70% for MRD-positive patients who underwent transplantation in first remission (P = .861). CONCLUSION: MRD status at the end of induction is an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS in adult ALL. Allogeneic transplantation in first remission could overcome the adverse prognostic impact of MRD.

Risk of invasive fungal infections during hospital construction: how to minimize its impact in immunocompromised patients.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Fungal outbreaks have been reported in healthcare settings, showing that construction activities are a serious threat to immunocompromised hosts. Preventive measures to control fungal outbreaks (especially Aspergillus spp.) are considered essential during hospital construction. In this article, we update the main advances in each of preventive strategies. RECENT FINDINGS: Anticipation and multidisciplinary teamwork are the keystone for fungal outbreaks prevention. Strategies focused on environmental control measures of airborne dissemination of fungal spores have proven to be successful. It is important to recommend azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus active surveillance from both air (outdoors and indoors) and clinical samples during hospital construction works. Apart from genotyping, studies should be further encouraged to understand the environmental dynamics. Risk assessment and implement preventive measures (environment control strategies, air surveillance, inpatients immunocompromised patients in high-efficiency particulate air filters rooms, patient education, antifungal prophylaxis in high-risk patient groups, etc.) have shown that these accomplish to reduce the incidence of invasive fungal infection (IFI). SUMMARY: In general, it is not only a strategy that should be implemented to reduce the risk of IFI but is a bundle of preventive measures, which have proven to be successful in control infection and prevention of airborne transmission of fungi.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions for prevention of invasive aspergillosis among leukemia patients during hospital construction activities.

OBJECTIVES: Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) is a serious problem among hematological patients and it is associated with high mortality. This situation can worsen at times of hospital construction, however there are several preventive measures available. This work aims to define the cost-effectiveness of some of these interventions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A decision tree model was used, it was divided into four arms according to each 1 of the interventions performed. A cost-effectiveness incremental analysis comparing environmental control measures, high efficiency particulate absorption (HEPA) filter installation and prophylaxis with posaconazole was done. Probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses were also carried out. RESULTS: Among 86 patients with 175 hospitalization episodes, the incidence of IA with environmental protection measures, antifungal prophylaxis and hospitalization in rooms with HEPA filters was 14.4%, 6.3% and 0%, respectively. An Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio analysis was performed and it was found that HEPA filtered rooms and environmental protection measures are cost saving interventions when compared with posaconazole prophylaxis (-$2665 vs -$4073 vs $42 531 US dollars, respectively) for IA episode prevented. CONCLUSION: The isolation of inpatients with acute leukemia during hospital construction periods in HEPA filtered rooms could reduce the incidence of IA and might be a cost-effective prevention strategy.

Fever after peripheral blood stem cell infusion in haploidentical transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide.

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Noninfection-related fever can occur after peripheral blood stem cell infusion in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide. The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of fever and characterize some clinical features of affected patients. METHODS: A retrospective case-series study with 40 patients who received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was carried out. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients (82.5%) developed fever; no baseline characteristic was associated with its development. Median time to fever onset was 25.5h (range, 9.5-100h) and median peak temperature was 39.0°C (range, 38.1-40.5°C). Not a single patient developed hemodynamic or respiratory compromise that required admission to the intensive care unit. Fever was not explained by infection in any case. Ninety-one percent of the febrile episodes resolved within 96h of cyclophosphamide administration. No significant difference in overall survival, event-free survival, or graft versus host disease-free/relapse-free survival was found in the group of febrile individuals after peripheral blood stem cell infusion. CONCLUSION: Fever after peripheral blood stem cell infusion in this clinical setting was common; it usually subsides with cyclophosphamide administration. The development of fever was not associated with an adverse prognosis.

Recuento de células CD34+ en sangre periférica como predictor de adecuada recolección de progenitores hematopoyéticos para trasplante autólogo / Peripheral blood CD34+ cell count as a predictor of adequacy of hematopoietic stem cell collection for autologous transplantation / Contagem de células CD34+ em sangue periférico como preditor de adequada recolecção de progenitores hematopoiéticos para transplante autólogo

Introducción: para llevar a cabo un trasplante autólogo se deben movilizar los progenitores hematopoyéticos a la sangre periférica y posteriormente recolectarlos por aféresis. El recuento de células CD34+ es una herramienta para determinar el mejor momento para la recolección. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre el recuento de células CD34+ en sangre periférica y la recolección exitosa de progenitores hematopoyéticos. Materiales y métodos: evaluación de una prueba predictiva para determinar la utilidad del recuento de células CD34+ en sangre periférica como predictor del éxito de la recolección de progenitores hematopoyéticos en pacientes a los que se les va a hacer un trasplante autólogo. Resultados: se incluyó a 77 pacientes (mediana de edad: 49 años; rango: 5-66); el diagnóstico predominante fue linfoma (53,2 %). El porcentaje de pacientes con recolección exitosa de progenitores fue proporcional al número de células CD34+ en sangre periférica al finalizar la movilización. Proponemos que se deben tener más de 15 células CD34+/μL en sangre periférica para lograr una adecuada recolección de progenitores hematopoyéticos. Conclusión: el recuento de células CD34+ en sangre periférica es una herramienta útil para predecir la recolección exitosa de progenitores hematopoyéticos.

Introduction: In order to carry out an autologous transplantation, hematopoietic stem cells should be mobilized to peripheral blood and later collected by apheresis. The CD34+ cell count is a tool to establish the optimal time to begin the apheresis procedure. Objective: To evaluate the association between peripheral blood CD34+ cell count and the successful collection of hematopoietic stem cells. Materials and methods: A predictive test evaluation study was carried out to establish the usefulness of peripheral blood CD34+ cell count as a predictor of successful stem cell collection in patients that will receive an autologous transplantation. Results: 77 patients were included (median age: 49 years; range: 5-66). The predominant baseline diagnosis was lymphoma (53.2 %). The percentage of patients with successful harvest of hematopoietic stem cells was proportional to the number of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood at the end of the mobilization procedure. We propose that more than 15 CD34+ cells/μL must be present in order to achieve an adequate collection of hematopoietic stem cells. Conclusion: Peripheral blood CD34+ cell count is a useful tool to predict the successful collection of hematopoietic stem cells.

Introdução: para levar a cabo um transplante autólogo se devem mobilizar os progenitores hematopoiéticos ao sangue periférico e posteriormente os coletá-los por aféreses. A contagem de células CD34+ é uma ferramenta para determinar o melhor momento para a recolecção. Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre a contagem de células CD34+ em sangue periférico e a recolecção exitosa de progenitores hematopoiéticos. Materiais e métodos: avaliação de uma prova preditiva para determinar a utilidade da contagem de células CD34+ em sangue periférico como preditor do sucesso da recolecção de progenitores hematopoiéticos em pacientes aos que se lhes vá fazer um transplante autólogo. Resultados: se incluiu a 77 pacientes (média de idade: 49 anos; faixa: 5-66); o diagnóstico predominante foi linfoma (53,2 %). A porcentagem de pacientes com recolecção exitosa de progenitores foi proporcional ao número de células CD34+ em sangue periférico ao finalizar a mobilização. Propomos que se devem ter mais de 15 células CD34+/μL em sangue periférico para conseguir uma adequada recolecção de progenitores hematopoiéticos. Conclusão: A contagem de células CD34+ em sangue periférico é uma ferramenta útil para prever a recolecção exitosa de progenitores hematopoiéticos.

General features and epidemiology of lymphoma in Colombia. A multicentric study.

The relative frequency of the non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes varies around the world. The objective of this study was to describe the general features of patients with lymphoma in Colombia. A total of 819 patients with a new diagnosis of lymphoma were included. Nighty-nine (12 %) of them had Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 720 (88 %) had NHL. Most cases had advanced stage disease at presentation (63.6 %). Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most frequent diagnosis; it was seen in 40 % of patients with NHL and in 35 % of patients in the whole series. Overall survival rates at 3 years were 77 % for HL and follicular lymphoma, 54 % for DLBCL, and 45 % for T cell lymphomas. In conclusion, the distribution of specific NHL subtypes is similar to what has been reported previously in other tropical countries.

Telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria Síndrome de Osler Weber Rendú y manejo con bevacizumab / Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Osler Weber Rendu syndrome and management with bevacizumab

Presentamos un caso clínico de una paciente con diagnóstico de telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria con múltiples manifestaciones sistémicas debidas a sangrados profusos, anemia severa y malformaciones arteriovenosas pulmonares, hepáticas y falla cardiaca de alto débito, con adecuada respuesta al uso de bevacizumab. (Acta Med Colomb 2015; 40: 66-68).

The case of a patient diagnosed with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia with multiple systemic manifestations due to profuse bleeding, severe anemia and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, liver and heart failure high debit adequate response to the use of bevacizumab, is presented. (Acta Med Colomb 2015; 40: 66-68).

C-reactive protein and the MASCC risk index identify high-risk patients with febrile neutropenia and hematologic neoplasms.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the prognostic usefulness of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) risk score in association with the value of C-reactive protein (CRP) to identify high-risk patients with febrile neutropenia and hematologic neoplasms. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study in which the MASCC score and the CRP values were used to assess the mortality risk at 30 days among patients with febrile neutropenia and hematologic malignancies was performed. RESULTS: Two hundred thiry-seven patients with febrile neutropenia were analyzed; the mortality rate within 30 days was 9 %. High-risk patients according to the MASCC score were significantly more likely to experience adverse outcomes, such as being transferred to the intensive care unit (RR 3.55; CI 95 % 2.73-6.62, p < 0.001) and death (RR 2.21; CI 95 % 1.74-2.79, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed a strong association between the high-risk group identified by the MASCC score (HR 3.0; CI 95 % 1.12-13.54, p = 0.032) and the mean levels of CRP (HR 17; CI 95 % 2.21-136.48, p = 0.007) and survival. The survival rate within 30 days was 100 % for the patients with a low-risk MASCC score and a mean CRP less than 15 mg/dL. This rate was only 64 % for high-risk patients with a mean CRP greater than 15 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: The MASCC risk score combined with the mean CRP value successfully identifies patients with febrile neutropenia and hematological malignancies and a high risk of death.

[Epidemiology of febrile neutropenia in adult patients with hematologic neoplasms in a period of 26 months in Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Colombia]. / Epidemiología de la neutropenia febril en pacientes adultos con neoplasia hematológica, en un período de 26 meses en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Colombia.

BACKGROUND: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a significant adverse effect post-chemotherapy due to its high morbidity and mortality. There are few studies in our country with these kind of patients. OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and mortality in patients with hematologic neoplasms who developed FN post-chemotherapy. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive case series in patients with hematologic neoplasms who developed FN post-chemotherapy in Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe. RESULTS: 101 episodes of FN in 43 patients. The median age was 44 years. 63.5% of patients had no apparent clinical focus of infection at admission, 11.8% had soft tissue compromise and 8.9% urinary tract infection. Bacteremia was documented in 41.5% and catheter-associated bacteremia in 3.9%. The most common organisms were Escherichia coli 43.4%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 17.3% and Staphylococcus aureus 8.6%. Of those isolated in blood 84.7% were Gram negative rods and 15.2% were Gram positive bacteria. Piperacillin/tazobactam was the most common empirically prescribed antibiotic (81.1%). Mortality of FN episodes occurred in 8 (7.92%) patients, 5 (62.5%) attributable to infection and 3 (37.5%) due to progression of hematologic malignancy with a resolution of FN. CONCLUSIONS: In our case series of FN the microbiological characteristics differed significantly from developed countries, but a similar mortality rate per episode was observed.

Epidemiología de la neutropenia febril en pacientes adultos con neoplasia hematológica, en un período de 26 meses en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Colombia / Epidemiology of febrile neutropenia in adult patients with hematologic neoplasms in a period of 26 months in Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Colombia

Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a significant adverse effect post-chemotherapy due to its high morbidity and mortality. There are few studies in our country with these kind of patients. Objective: To describe the characteristics and mortality in patients with hematologic neoplasms who developed FN post-chemotherapy. Methodology: A descriptive case series in patients with hematologic neoplasms who developed FN post-chemotherapy in Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe. Results: 101 episodes of FN in 43 patients. The median age was 44 years. 63.5% of patients had no apparent clinical focus of infection at admission, 11.8% had soft tissue compromise and 8.9% urinary tract infection. Bacteremia was documented in 41.5% and catheter-associated bacteremia in 3.9%. The most common organisms were Escherichia coli 43.4%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 17.3% and Staphylococcus aureus 8.6%. Of those isolated in blood 84.7% were Gram negative rods and 15.2% were Gram positive bacteria. Piperacillin/tazobactam was the most common empirically prescribed antibiotic (81.1%). Mortality of FN episodes occurred in 8 (7.92%) patients, 5 (62.5%) attributable to infection and 3 (37.5%) due to progression of hematologic malignancy with a resolution of FN. Conclusions: In our case series of FN the microbiological characteristics differed significantly from developed countries, but a similar mortality rate per episode was observed.

Introducción: La neutropenia febril (NF) es un efecto adverso importante post-quimioterapia por su alta morbi-mortalidad. Hay pocos estudios en nuestro entorno con estos pacientes. Objetivo: Describir las características de los pacientes adultos con neoplasia hematológica que desarrollaron NF post-quimioterapia. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de serie de casos, en pacientes con neoplasia hematológica y NF post-quimioterapia en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe. Resultados: Ciento un episodios de NF en 43 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 44 años. El 63,5% no tenían foco infeccioso clínico aparente al ingreso, 11,8% tenía compromiso de tejidos blandos y 8,9% foco urinario. Se documentó bacteriemia primaria en 42 (41,5%) y bacteriemia asociada al catéter en 4 (3,96%). Los microorganismos más frecuentes fueron Escherichia coli 43,4%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 17,3% y Staphylococcus aureus 8,69%. De los aislados en sangre, 84,7% fueron bacilos gramnegativos y 15,2% cocáceas grampo-sitivas. Piperacilina/tazobactam fue la antibioticoterapia empírica inicial en 81,1% de los episodios. La mortalidad por episodios de NF fue de 7,92%, en 62,5% atribuible a la infección y en el resto a progresión de la neoplasia hematológica con resolución de la NF. Conclusión: Serie de casos de NF con características microbiológicas que difieren significativamente a los países desarrollados, pero con una mortalidad por episodios similar.

Púrpura trombocitopénica trombótica Descripción del diagnóstico y manejo de una entidad poco frecuente y de alta mortalidad / Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Description of diagnosis and management of a rare entity with a high mortality

Presentamos dos casos con diagnóstico de púrpura trombocitopénica trombótica idiopática refractarios al tratamiento con recambio plasmático y en los cuales fue necesario emplear un tratamiento adicional. En uno de los casos hubo una adecuada respuesta con rituximab. También analizamos el papel de los niveles de ADAMTS 13 para el manejo y diagnóstico de esta enfermedad. (Acta Med Colomb 2012; 37: 201-206).

We report two patients diagnosed as having idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura refractory to plasma exchange in which the use of additional treatment was necessary. In one case there was an adequate response to rituximab. We also analyze the role of ADAMTS 13 levels for the management and diagnosis of this disease. (Acta Med Colomb 2012; 37: 201-206).

First line therapy for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis (hemo-oncolgroup study)

Background: Patients not eligible for stem cell transplantation (SCT) have been treated with melphalan (M) plus prednisone (P); however, the standard of care has shifted to MP plus thalidomide(T) due to a greater survival benefit. Bortezomib (B) and lenalidomide have also emerged as effective agents. Methods: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared MP to any otherregimen were identified from the databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE and Scirus. Results: Twenty-two trials were included from 2159 potential eligible references. MP vs.M plus dexamethasone (MD): (3 RCTs) MD was superior in partial response (PR) rate and non-hematological toxicity. MP vs. T-based regimens: (4 RCTs) significant differences favoring T-basedregimens in complete response (CR) rate, partial response (PR) rate, and progression-free survival (PFS). MP vs. B based regimens: (1 RCT) significant differences in overall survival (OS) , time to progression (TTP), CR and PR rate favored B-based regimens according to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) criteria. MP vs. chemotherapy regimens withoutM: (3 RCTs) A significantly higher number of patients treated with BP achieved a CR. TTP was alsosignificantly longer in BP-treated patients (p < 0.02). MP vs. other polychemotherapy regimens:(13 RCTs) No significant differences in PR, OS, hematological or other type of toxicity were observed between MP and the other chemotherapy regimens. Conclusions: Symptomatic multiplemyeloma patients ineligible for SCT should receive as first-line treatment a combination of MP plus B or T; these regimens are associated with improved outcome but greater toxicity comparedto MP alone. More homogeneous clinical trials using a cytogenetic risk approach are required

Trombocitopenia inducida por heparina de bajo peso molecular / Low-molecular-weight heparin induced thrombocytopenia

Se presentan dos casos de trombocitopenia inducida por heparina de bajo peso molecular, confirmados clínica y serológicamente, manejados con fondaparinux.

We present two cases of low-molecular-weight heparin induced thrombocytopenia, confirmed both clinically and serologically, managed with Fondaparinux.

Leucemia de Células dendríticas: reporte de un caso / Dentritic Cell Leukemia: A Case Report

Recientemente, se han reportado varios casos de leucemia plasmocitoide de céluals dendriticas, caracterizados por la expresión de CD4 y CD56, en ausencia de cualquier marcador específico para leucemias mieloides, linfoides B Y t o leucemia de células NK. La ontogenia de estos trastornos no es clara y existe debate alrededor de su relación con precursores mielomonocíticos o de células NK. Su prevalencia se estima en menos del 1 por ciento y puede indentificarse utilizando un inmunofenotipo definido por la presencia de CD45, CD4+,CD56+, CD116, CD123 (receptor de IL-3a), HLA-DR+,CD45RA+,CD45RO,BDCA-2+(CD303+),BDCA-4+(CD304+), Y POR EL ilt-3+.A pesar de que este tipo de leucemia parece ser sensible a la quimioterapia, con frecuencia se encuentra un curso clínico adverso con supervivencia global reducida. Se presenta el primer caso de leucemia plasmocitoide de células dentríticas diagnosticado y tratado en el Instituto Nacional de cancerología de Colombia.

Hemodiálisis en pacientes con cáncer: análisis de la evidencia basado en una serie de casos del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología / Hemodialysis for Cancer Patients: Analysis of Evidence Based on case series at the National Cancer Institute of Colombia

Objetivos: Realizar un análisis detallado de la evolución y mortalidad de 13 pacientes con cáncer y FRA tratados con terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR). Métodos: Se evaluaron diversas variables demográficas, el compromiso funcional al momento del diagnóstico de la FRA, su causa y etiología. Además, varios desenlaces y dos índices, el de gravedad individual para FRA de Liaño (ISI) y el APACHE II. Resultados:Los pacientes tuvieron un promedio de 55 años, 70por ciento eran mujeres y el origen principal de las neoplasias fue el tracto genitourinario.Dos tercios de la población tenían un IK inferior o igual a 70por ciento, 53 porciento presentaba neoplasias en progresión, 38porciento tenía enfermedad no controlada en tratamiento y un sujeto estaba libre de cáncer. Todos los pacientes iniciaron hemodiálisis intermitente, en promedio, seis días después del ingreso hospitalario y cuatro días después del diagnóstico de la urgencia. Nueve sujetos tenían comorbilidad grave, y 8 murieron, con una mediana de 17 días entre el inicio de la diálisis y el fallecimiento; la mortalidad global fue del 61por ciento, la media de la puntuación del ISI fue 0,62 (DE +/- 0,012) y del APACHE II 26 (DE +/- 9). Conclusiones: La hemodiálisis está indicada en cualquier paciente con cáncer y FRA que se encuentre sin enfermedad o con una neoplasia potencialmente tratable, si tiene un buen estado funcional y está de acuerdo con dicha intervención.

Síndrome de Terson y hemorragía alveolar difusa en pacientes con leucemia mieloide aguda promielocítica / Terson´s Syndrome and Diffuse alveolar Hemorrhage in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

La leucemia promielocítica aguda (LPMA) constituye del 5 por ciento al 15 por ciento de los casos de leucemias agudas no linfocíticas y, con frecuencia, se relaciona con complicaciones hemorrágicas de curso fatal. este reporte describe los hallazgos en dos pacientes con LPMA que desarrollaron hemorragia alveolar difusa y cerebral, en asociación con sangrado vítreo, sonsistente con el síndrome de Terson, diagnosticado durante el tratamiento de inducción con ácido transretinoico.