Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Klebsiella Infections , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Azabicyclo Compounds , Bacterial Proteins , Ceftazidime , Disease Outbreaks , Drug Combinations , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Klebsiella , Klebsiella Infections/diagnosis , Klebsiella Infections/drug therapy , Klebsiella Infections/epidemiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , beta-LactamasesSubject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Sepsis , Acinetobacter Infections/diagnosis , Acinetobacter Infections/drug therapy , Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Sepsis/drug therapy , beta-LactamasesABSTRACT
In the industrial crystallisation process of maltitol (C(12)H(24)O(11)), the presence of maltotriitol (C(18)H(34)O(16)) in the maltose syrup is responsible for a change of the crystal morphology. Two different crystal forms of maltitol were obtained: a prismatic one and a 'bipyramidal' one. IR and X-ray diffraction experiments (single crystal and powder) were performed to identify both crystal parameters. It is concluded that a structural polymorphism has to be ruled out. Close coincidences in some of the crystal cell parameters of maltitol and maltotriitol allow to assume the process through which maltotriitol affects the morphology of maltitol crystals.
Subject(s)
Maltose/analogs & derivatives , Maltose/chemistry , Sugar Alcohols/chemistry , Carbohydrate Conformation , Crystallization , Crystallography, X-Ray , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Models, Chemical , Models, Molecular , Sorbitol/chemistry , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
The interaction of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) with four bile acids, cholic, taurocholic, chenodeoxycholic and lithocholic, was demonstrated by proton-NMR spectroscopy. Lithocholic and chenodeoxycholic acids exhibit a stronger affinity for beta-CD than cholic and taurocholic acids. The affinity of bile acids for beta-CD increases in relation to their hydrophobicity. The competition between these bile acids and the lipophilic vitamins A and D3 in the formation of beta-CD inclusion complexes was studied. These vitamins compete with cholic and taurocholic acids whereas they do not with lithocholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. In the latter case all of the beta-CD present was consumed by the bile acids with the vitamins remaining free in the medium. The affinity of vitamins A and D3 for beta-CD is lower than that of the bile acids. Therefore, when lithocholic or chenodeoxycholic acids are present, the formation of beta-CD inclusion complexes with the vitamins does not occur. The results of this study suggest that depletion of lipophilic vitamins will not occur upon ingestion of beta-CD, thus providing further support for the safety and suitability of beta-CD as an ingredient in foods and orally administered drugs.
