An attachment-based pilot program to promote adolescent adjustment to parental divorce.

The study aimed to assess the impact of an attachment-based intervention on adolescent adaptation to parental divorce. The Adolescent Adjustment Pilot Program to Parental Divorce (AAPPD) employed an experimental group format, targeting improvements in various adaptation indicators (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect). The sample comprised 30 Chilean adolescents aged 12 to 16 (M = 13.6, SD = 1.35), with 60% females and 40% males. After the intervention, the adolescents showed a decrease in negative affect at 6 and 12 months. However, no differences were identified in other dimensions of subjective well-being considered as indicators of divorce adaptation. The findings prompt discussion on theoretical and clinical implications.

Divorcio parental, apego a los padres y satisfacción con la vida en adolescentes chilenos: un estudio comparativo

Si bien existen una serie de avances en la comprensión de los efectos del divorcio sobre el bienestar y desarrollo de los adolescentes, un aspecto que requiere mayor exploración es si existen variaciones en la satisfacción con la vida y la calidad de los vínculos de apego entre adolescentes que han experimentado o no el divorcio de sus padres. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar diferencias en la satisfacción con la vida y en la calidad del apego a la madre y al padre entre adolescentes provenientes de familias intactas y quienes han experimentado el divorcio de sus padres. Mediante un estudio de corte transversal, se evaluó una muestra de 421 adolescentes chilenos entre 12 y 17 años, siendo un 54,6% hijos de padres casados y un 45,4% hijos de padres divorciados. Los análisis de diferencias de medias mediante pruebas t permitieron identificar que la satisfacción con la vida es mayor en los hijos de familias intactas. Asimismo, se detectaron diferencias en la calidad del apego hacia el padre, pero no hacia la madre. En específico, los hijos de padres divorciados reportaron menor calidad de la comunicación, menor confianza mutua y mayor alienación con sus padres que los hijos de familias intactas. Estos resultados, discutidos desde una perspectiva clínica, avanzan en la comprensión de los efectos del divorcio en adolescentes chilenos.

While there have been several advances in understanding the effects of divorce on the well-being and development of adolescents, one aspect that requires further exploration is whether there are variations in life satisfaction and the quality of attachment relationships among adolescents who have experienced their parents' divorce and those who have not. The present study aimed to assess differences in life satisfaction and the quality of attachment to both mothers and fathers among adolescents from intact families and those who have experienced their parents' divorce. Through a cross-sectional study, a sample of 421 Chilean adolescents aged 12 to 17 was evaluated, with 54.6% being children of married parents and 45.4% being children of divorced parents. Mean difference analyses using t-tests revealed that life satisfaction is higher among children from intact families. Additionally, differences in the quality of attachment to the father, but not to the mother, were detected. Specifically, children of divorced parents reported lower quality of communication, less mutual trust, and greater alienation from their parents than children from intact families. These results, discussed from a clinical perspective, contribute to the understanding of the effects of divorce on Chilean adolescents.

Forgiveness in the Context of Divorce: A Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance Study via Multiple-Group Factor Analysis (CFA) across Chile and Spain.

(1) Background: Current research on the factors involved in the adaptation process to divorce or separation has explored cross-cultural differences. An initial step in the cross-cultural field is to investigate whether the measurements applied are comparable in different cultural contexts. The aim of the present study is to test the measurement invariance of the Questionnaire of Forgiveness in Divorce-Separation (CPD-S); (2) Methods: The CPD-S was completed by 556 (M = 44.52, SD = 10.18) and 240 (M = 41.44, SD = 7.87) Chilean and Spanish divorced individuals, respectively. Confirmatory factor analyses in single samples and measurement invariance testing in a multi-group framework were conducted to test the cross-group equivalence; (3) Results: The single-factor structure of the CPD-S was supported in both countries. Measurement invariance analysis demonstrated that the CPD-S had partial scalar measurement invariance; (4) Conclusions: The evidence supports the conclusion that CPD-S operates similarly across both countries. Findings are discussed from a cross-cultural and methodological perspective.

La PNA-10, una escala breve para evaluar el afecto positivo y negativo en español / PNA-10, a short scale for the evaluation of positive and negative affect in Spanish

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una versión reducida de la «Escala de afecto positivo y negativo» (Positive and Negative Affect, PNA; Warr, Barter y Brownbridge, 1983) en español. Participaron 1601 personas (61,6% mujeres) con una edad media de 33,27 años. El análisis factorial confirmatorio evidenció mejores indicadores de ajuste para una versión reducida del instrumento (PNA-10) compuesta por 10 ítems. La consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) de las subescalas fue adecuada, de 0,84 para el afecto positivo (AP) y 0,81 para el afecto negativo (AN) y fiabilidad compuesta de 0,88 para el AP y 0,82 para el AN. Análisis posteriores mostraron relaciones significativas entre las dos subescalas y el sexo, el estatus de pareja, la duración de la misma y el número de hijos. También con el sentimiento de soledad. Estos resultados, así como las bajas correlaciones con deseabilidad social confirman las buenas propiedades psicométricas de la PNA-10, que creemos constituye un instrumento adecuado para la evaluación del componente emocional (AP y AN) del bienestar subjetivo (AU)

The aim of this paper is to analyze the psychometric properties of a short version of the «Positive and Negative Affect Scale» (PNA; Warr, Barter and Brownbridge, 1983). The participants were 1601 individuals (61.6% women) with a mean age of 33.27 years. Confirmatory factor analysis evidenced better indicators of adjustment for a reduced version of the instrument (PNA-10) composed of 10 items. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of the subscales was adequate: .84 for PA and .81 for NA; composite reliability of .88 for PA and .82 for NA. Further analysis showed significant relationships of PA and NA with sex, marital status, length of the relationship and number of children, and also with loneliness (social, family and romantic). These results, as well as the low correlations of the instrument with Social Desirability, confirmed the good psychometric properties of PNA-10, which we consider to be an appropriate instrument for assessing the emotional component (PA and NA) of subjective well-being (AU)