ABSTRACT
Este trabalho visou atender às exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioética, Ética Aplicada e Saúde Coletiva, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em regime de associação com a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz e Universidade Federal Fluminense, a ser utilizado na dissertação de mestrado. Área de Concentração: Bioética, Ética Aplicada e Saúde Coletiva. A proposta do estudo se constituiu em realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre a acessibilidade de mulheres negras nos serviços de saúde e o impacto do racismo institucional nesta situação. E em seguida, a partir desta leitura, visamos trazer uma reflexão acerca dos alcances da Bioética da Proteção como um instrumento que nos permita compreender e propor soluções acerca destes processos. A pergunta de pesquisa se constituiu em indagar os aspectos sobre a acessibilidade de mulheres negras nos serviços de saúde encontrados em revisão integrativa. Quanto à metodologia, trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura que seguiu seis etapas: seleção do tema e elaboração da pergunta norteadora; busca na literatura; coleta de dados; análise dos estudos incluídos; discussão do resultado e apresentação da revisão integrativa, os resultados relacionados à pesquisa, foram reunidos de maneira sistemática e ordenada. A pesquisa tem um recorte de 10 anos, idioma em português, texto completo. Resultados: destaca-se que a mulher negra tem menor acesso aos serviços de saúde, ou com baixa qualidade, sendo elas suscetíveis a maior vulnerabilidade e mais propensa a adoecer ou morrer, em decorrência do racismo institucional, sendo consequência do processo estrutural que ainda hoje produz desigualdades, fundamentado na cultura escravocrata. (AU)
This work aimed to meet the requirements of the Graduate Program in Bioethics, Applied Ethics and Collective Health, of the State University of Rio de Janeiro, in association with the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and Fluminense, Federal University, to be used in the master's thesis. Area of Concentration: Bioethics, Applied Ethics and Collective Health. The purpose of the study was to carry out an integrative review on the accessibility of black women to perinatal health services and the impact of institutional racism in this situation. And then, from this reading, we aim to bring a reflection about the scope of Bioethics of Protection as an instrument that allows us to understand and propose solutions about these processes. The research question consisted of asking aspects about the accessibility of black women to health services found in an integrative review. As for the methodology, it is an integrative literature review that followed six steps: selection of the theme and elaboration of the guiding question; literature search; data collect; analysis of included studies; discussion of the result and presentation of the integrative review, the results related to the research, were gathered in a systematic and orderly manner. The research has a period of 10 years, language in Portuguese, full text. Results: it is highlighted that black women have less access to health services, or with low quality, being susceptible to greater vulnerability and more likely to become ill or die, as a result of institutional racism, being a consequence of the structural process that still exists today. Produces inequalities, based on the slave culture. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Bioethics , Women's Health , Pregnant Women , Systemic Racism , Social Vulnerability , Health Services Accessibility , Unified Health System , BrazilABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In 2016-18, the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe suffered a necrotic skin infection epidemic. METHODS: A surveillance system was established after increased hospitalisations for this infection. Microbiology results were available for samples analysed in December 2016 and March 2017 using whole genome sequencing and metagenomics. Negative binomial regression was used to study the association of weather conditions with monthly case counts in a time-series analysis. RESULTS: From October 2016 to October 2018, the epidemic cumulative attack rate was 1.5%. The first peak lasted 5 months, accounting for one-third of total cases. We could not conclusively identify the aetiological agent(s) due to the country's lack of microbiology capacity. Increased relative humidity was associated with increased monthly cases (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.09), and higher precipitation in the previous month with a higher number of cases in the following month (months with 0-49 mm rainfall compared with months with 50-149 mm and ≥150 mm: IRR 1.44, 95 % CI 1.13-1.78 and 1.50, 95% CI 1.12-1.99, respectively). DISCUSSION: This epidemic was favoured by increased relative humidity and precipitation, potentially contributing to community-based transmission of ubiquitous bacterial strains superinfecting skin wounds. FUNDING: World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Ministry of Health.
