GONIOMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF JOINT ANGLES IN CRAB-EATING FOXES ( CERDOCYON THOUS).

This study aimed to assess joint angle values in the forelimbs and hind limbs of crab-eating foxes ( Cerdocyon thous) using a conventional manual goniometer. Nine captive crab-eating foxes, aged over 1 yr old, weighing from 5.9 to 7.5 kg were used. The maximum flexion and maximum extension of the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints were measured. The range of motion was determined through the difference between the maximum flexion and the maximum extension. There was no significant difference between the right and left sides in the goniometric measurements. The mean values of the range of motion for shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints were respectively 108°, 99°, 131°, 79°, 103°, and 86°. The goniometric values of the crab-eating foxes can be used as means of comparison with other animals from the same species for diagnostic purposes, research documentation, and evaluation of therapeutic procedures.

Goniometric evaluation of both forelimbs and hind limbs in two species of Neotropical monkeys.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the goniometric measurements of the forelimb and hind limb joints in two species of Neotropical primates maintained in captivity. METHODS: Eighteen intact monkeys organized into two groups were studied: Group 1-9 brown howlers (Alouatta fusca), and Group 2-9 tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella). RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in the maximum flexion of the shoulder, elbow, carpus, stifle, and tarsus (G1>G2); maximum extension and abduction of the shoulder (G1G2) and adduction (G1G2). The ROM was significantly different in all joints: shoulder (G1G2), hip (G1>G2), stifle (G1