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4.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 72(6): 516-522, dic. 2020. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388761

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El trasplante hepático (TH), es una terapia establecida en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades del hígado agudas y crónicas terminales y del carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC). Las principales indicaciones en nuestro medio son la cirrosis de diferentes etiologías, el CHC, la atresia de vías biliares en niños y la falla hepática fulminante (FHF). Menos del 10% corresponden a indicaciones inhabituales, que incluyen pacientes con una miscelánea de enfermedades entre las cuales están la enfermedad poliquística hepática (EPH), enfermedades metabólicas (Niemann-Pick, otras), el síndrome hepato/portopulmonar, metástasis de diferentes tumores, etc. Objetivo: Describir y evaluar los resultados obtenidos con el trasplante hepático en estas indicaciones. Materiales y Método: Estudio de cohorte no concurrente que incluyó los TH por indicaciones inhabituales realizados entre marzo de 1997 y diciembre de 2016. De 295 TH realizados, 34 (11,5%) fueron por estas indicaciones. Resultados: Las causas más frecuentes fueron el síndrome porto/hepatopulmonar en 11 (40,7%) pacientes y la EPH en 9 (26,5%). Las enfermedades metabólicas representaron la tercera indicación, con 5 (14,7%) casos. Siete (20,6%) pacientes eran menores de 18 años. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron biliares y la trombosis de arteria hepática en 6 (17,6%) y 4 (11,8%) casos respectivamente; estos últimos eran portadores de una EPH masiva. Cuatro (12,5%) pacientes requirieron retrasplante. La mortalidad a 90 días fue de 2 (5,9%) enfermos. Conclusión: El TH es una opción factible en este grupo de pacientes con resultados similares a los obtenidos en las indicaciones clásicas.


Introduction: Liver transplantation (LT) is an established therapy in the treatment of several acute and chronic end-stage liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The main indications worldwide are cirrhosis of different etiologies, HCC, biliary atresia in children, and fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Less than 10% concerns unusual indications which include patients with miscellaneous diseases among which are hepatic polycystic disease (HPD), metabolic diseases (Niemann-Pick, others), portal/hepatopulmonary syndrome, metastasis of different tumors, among others. Aim: The objective of the study is to describe and asses the results obtained with liver transplantation in these indications. Materials and Method: We performed a non-concurrent cohort study that included all LT due to unusual indications between March 1997 and December 2016 in a university medical center. Of 295 TH performed, 34 (11.75%) were due to these indications. Results: The most frequent causes were the portal/hepatopulmonary syndrome in 11 (40.7%) patients and HPD in 9 (26.5%). Metabolic diseases accounted for the third indication in 5 (14.7%) cases. Seven (20.6%) patients were less than 18 years old. The most frequent complications were biliary and hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) in 6 (17.6%) and 4 (11.8%) cases, respectively. Patients complicated by a HAT suffered a massive EPH. Four (12.5%), required retransplantation. Mortality at 90 days was 2 (5.9%). Conclusión: LT is a feasible option in this group of patients with results similar to those obtained in classic indications of LT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Liver Transplantation , Liver Diseases/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Liver Cirrhosis/surgery
5.
Rev Med Chil ; 146(3): 277-281, 2018 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29999096

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Compared to standard coagulation essays (SCE), such as international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), or platelet count, thromboelastograhy (TEG) offers precise and real-time information about hemostasis. TEG tests both platelet function and coagulation by assaying several parameters of clot formation dynamically in whole blood. AIM: To evaluate hemostasis in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation and determine the positive and negative predictive values of SCE for alterations of TEG. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Preoperative SCE and TEG were prospectively analyzed in 25 patients. Results were categorized as normal, laboratory alteration or clinical alteration. SCE results were compared with TEG parameters to determine positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV). RESULTS: Hemostasis was abnormal and laboratory abnormalities were observed in all patients. One patient had clinical signs of excessive bleeding. SCE were abnormal in all patients and TEG was normal in nine patients. The most common alteration in TEG was hypocoagulability, in some cases associated with hypercoagulability and hyperfibrinolysis. Two patients had solely hypercoagulability. PPV of INR, aPTT, platelet count and fibrinogenemia were 0, 0, 0.5 and 0.17 respectively. NPV of the same tests were 1, 1, 0.34 and 1 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Hypocoagulability was the most common laboratory alteration, however, clinical signs of coagulopathy were rarely present. SCE had a poor predictive value to diagnose o discard hemostatic abnormalities.


Subject(s)
Blood Coagulation Tests , Liver Transplantation , Preoperative Period , Thrombelastography , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(3): 277-281, mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961391

ABSTRACT

Background: Compared to standard coagulation essays (SCE), such as international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), or platelet count, thromboelastograhy (TEG) offers precise and real-time information about hemostasis. TEG tests both platelet function and coagulation by assaying several parameters of clot formation dynamically in whole blood. Aim: To evaluate hemostasis in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation and determine the positive and negative predictive values of SCE for alterations of TEG. Material and Methods: Preoperative SCE and TEG were prospectively analyzed in 25 patients. Results were categorized as normal, laboratory alteration or clinical alteration. SCE results were compared with TEG parameters to determine positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV). Results: Hemostasis was abnormal and laboratory abnormalities were observed in all patients. One patient had clinical signs of excessive bleeding. SCE were abnormal in all patients and TEG was normal in nine patients. The most common alteration in TEG was hypocoagulability, in some cases associated with hypercoagulability and hyperfibrinolysis. Two patients had solely hypercoagulability. PPV of INR, aPTT, platelet count and fibrinogenemia were 0, 0, 0.5 and 0.17 respectively. NPV of the same tests were 1, 1, 0.34 and 1 respectively. Conclusions: Hypocoagulability was the most common laboratory alteration, however, clinical signs of coagulopathy were rarely present. SCE had a poor predictive value to diagnose o discard hemostatic abnormalities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Thrombelastography , Blood Coagulation Tests , Liver Transplantation , Preoperative Period , Prospective Studies
7.
Rev. chil. cir ; 69(4): 310-314, ago. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899607

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La disminución de la presión venosa central (PVC) a menos de 5mmHg ha sido recomendada para disminuir el sangrado durante la cirugía hepática. No se conoce el efecto de esto en el llenado ventricular e índice cardíaco (IC). Objetivo: Medir el efecto en el volumen de fin de diástole del ventrículo izquierdo indexado (VFDVII) e IC de la disminución a 3-4mmHg de la PVC. Método: Se estudiaron pacientes sometidos a cirugía general en los cuales se monitorizó presión arterial directa, PVC, y ecocardiografía transesofágica (ETE). Posterior a la inducción anestésica, y después de 5min de estabilidad hemodinámica, se midieron VFDVII e IC, los cuales se repitieron 5 min después de disminuir la PVC a 3-4 mmHg. Resultados: Se estudiaron 32 pacientes; 12 cumplían criterios de disfunción diastólica (DD). Los valores basales y posteriores a la reducción de la PVC de VFDVII e IC fueron respectivamente 49,4 ± 13 y 40,1 ±13 ml/m², y 2,8 ± 0,56 y 2,5 ± 0,7 l/m² (ambos p < 0,01). Todas las variaciones fueron mayores en los pacientes con DD. Conclusiones: La disminución de la PVC a los niveles recomendados para disminuir el sangrado produce una moderada pero significativa reducción del IC. Esto debe ser considerado en pacientes con condiciones que pudieran hacer más importante el efecto de la disminución de la PVC.


Introduction: The reduction of central venous pressure (CVP) below 5mmHg has been recommended to decrease bleeding during hepatic surgery. The effect of this practice on cardiac function has not been quantified. Objective: To measure the repercussion of the decrease of CVP on left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) and cardiac index (CI). Method: Patients undergoing general anaesthesia for major surgery were studied. Monitoring included direct arterial pressure, CVP, and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). During a stable period of anaesthesia, all of these parameters were measured before and after lowering CVP to 3-4mmHg. Results: Thirty-two patients were studied. Twelve patients met TEE diagnostic criteria for diastolic dysfunction (DD). Basal and post CVP reduction values of LVEDVI and CI were 49.4 ± 13 and 40.1 ±13ml/m², 2.8±0.56 and 2.5±0.7l/m² respectively (both P< .01). All these variations were greater in patients with DD. Conclusions: Reduction of CVP produced a moderate but significant decrease in LVEDV and CI This should be considered in patients with conditions that may increase the effect of decreasing the CVP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Cardiac Output/physiology , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Blood Pressure , Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Hemodynamics , Monitoring, Physiologic
8.
Rev. chil. cir ; 69(1): 89-93, feb. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844332

ABSTRACT

La mortalidad de la cirugía resectiva hepática es de 1-2%. Mejorar esto requerirá optimizar detalles que involucran a todos los encargados del cuidado de estos pacientes. El primero de estos puntos es la evaluación de la función hepática postoperatoria. Diversos métodos han sido utilizados para tratar de estimarla, sin resultados concluyentes respecto a cuál es el más adecuado. Estudios que evalúan la cantidad de parénquima residual y su relación con el desarrollo de falla hepática postoperatoria recomiendan que en presencia de un hígado sano debería quedar 20-25% del volumen hepático, 30-60% en casos de condiciones que deterioran la funcionalidad, y 40-70% en casos de cirrosis. El aporte de volumen y su relación con la morbilidad, el sangrado y el desarrollo de insuficiencia renal han sido muy estudiados. La restricción del volumen y el mantenimiento de presiones venosas bajas aparecen como estrategias recomendadas, pero no deben comprometer la perfusión sistémica. A diferencia de lo observado en pacientes críticos, especialmente sépticos, el uso de almidones aparece como una alternativa segura en pacientes sanos sometidos a procedimientos resectivos o trasplante hepático. Las alteraciones de exámenes de coagulación deben ser evaluadas y corregidas cuando corresponda, idealmente a través de métodos que permitan identificar la causa. El tromboelastograma aparece como una alternativa adecuada. La administración profiláctica de hemocomponentes no está indicada, pudiendo ser origen de morbilidad. La analgesia debe ser optimizada, siendo la peridural una buena alternativa en presencia de hígado sano y en procedimientos no mayores de una lobectomía.


The mortality of liver resection surgery is 1-2%. Improve this will require optimizing details involving all caregivers of these patients. The first of these points is the evaluation of postoperative liver function. Various methods have been used to estimate it, without conclusive results regarding what is the most appropriate. Several studies evaluating the amount of residual parenchyma and its relationship to the development of postoperative liver failure recommend that in the presence of a healthy liver should be 20-25% of liver volume, 30-60% in cases of conditions that impair the functionality and 40-70% in cases of cirrhosis. The contribution of fluids administration and its relationship with morbidity, bleeding and development of renal failure have been studied. The volume restriction, maintenance of low central venous pressures appear as recommended strategies but must not compromise systemic perfusion that can determine organ dysfunction. Unlike what was observed in critically ill patients, the use of starches appears as a safe alternative in healthy patients and those undergoing liver transplantation. Alterations in coagulation tests should be evaluated, ideally through methods that allow to identify the cause. The thromboelastography appears as a suitable alternative. Prophylactic administration of blood components is not indicated and can be a source of morbidity. Analgesia should be optimized, being epidural analgesia a good alternative in the presence of healthy liver and procedures involving no more than a lobectomy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatectomy/methods , Hepatectomy/mortality , Liver/surgery , Hemostasis, Surgical , Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control , Liver Failure/prevention & control
9.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 81(5): 411-420, 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830152

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de paciente con ascitis, masa pelviana y CA 125 elevado, sugerentes de cáncer ovárico avanzado. Se realizó laparoscopía que demostró lesiones compatibles con tuberculosis peritoneal. La biopsia laparoscópica de las lesiones demostró granulomas, por lo que no se realizó más cirugía y se inició tratamiento antituberculoso específico con buena respuesta clínica. Se revisa en la literatura tuberculosis peritoneal y su dificultad con el diagnóstico diferencial con cáncer de ovario avanzado.


It is presented the case of a patient with ascites, pelvic mass and elevated CA 125, all suggested of advanced ovarian cancer. It was made a laparoscopy that evidenced lesions of peritoneal tuberculosis. The laparoscopic biopsy of the lesions demostrated granulomas, for that there was no more surgery made and antituberculosis specific treatment was started, with good clinical response. It is revisited in the literature peritoneal tuberculosis and its difficult differential diagnoses with advanced ovarian cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Peritonitis, Tuberculous/diagnosis , Peritonitis, Tuberculous/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Ascites/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Laparoscopy , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Peritonitis, Tuberculous/complications
10.
Rev. chil. anest ; 44(2): 147-150, 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-831321

ABSTRACT

The case of a patient that bleed approximatelly 40 lts during a liver and kidney transplant is reported. Strategies directed to maintain hemodynamic and hemostatic conditions are discussed. Elective surgery in patients that may require massive transfusion allow to planify a strategy directed to avoid hypothermia, appearence of metabolic acidosis and coagulopathy. All of these conditions have been related to the appearence and maintenance of bleeding. Maintenance of hemostatic condition appears particularly important requiring a strategy of early administration of blood components directed to preserve an adequate level of clotting factors and platelets. The same considerations must be kept in mind when the requirement of massive transfusion is not expected and the coagulation condition must be preserved or restored.


Se reporta el caso de un paciente que sangró 40 litros durante un trasplante hepático y renal, discutiéndoselas estrategias utilizadas, mantener adecuadas condiciones hemodinámicas y hemostáticas.La cirugía electiva en pacientes que pueden requerir transfusión masiva permite planificar la implementación de medidas dirigidas a prevenir la aparición de hipotermia, acidosis metabólica y coagulopatía, los cuales han sido identificados, relacionados a la aparición y mantención de un estado de mayor sangrado. La mantención de adecuadas condiciones hemostáticas aparece como un factor de gran importancia, requiriendo una estrategia que requiere la precoz administración de hemocomponentes, con la idea de mantener adecuados niveles de factores de coagulación y plaquetas. Estas mismas consideraciones deben tenerse presente cuando el requerimiento de transfusión masiva es imprevisto, y las condiciones de hemostasia deben ser mantenidas o restauradas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Blood Transfusion/methods , Blood Coagulation Disorders/prevention & control , Ketosis/etiology , Ketosis/prevention & control , Hemorrhage/etiology , Hypothermia/etiology , Hypothermia/prevention & control , Blood Component Transfusion/methods , Liver Transplantation/adverse effects , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Blood Coagulation Disorders/etiology
11.
Rev. chil. anest ; 43(1): 10-15, jun.2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-780376

ABSTRACT

Describir la experiencia con el bloqueador bronquial de Arndt (BBA) y determinar los efectos de la ventilación monopulmonar (VMP) en el intercambio gaseoso en pacientes pediátricos. Método: El BBA se utilizó en 11 pacientes que requirieron VMP. Cuando el diámetro del tubo traqueal impedía el uso del BBA como originalmente estaba descrito, éste fue colocado en la tráquea previo a la intubación traqueal quedando por fuera del tubo traqueal. El BBA fue posicionado con ayuda de un fibrobroncoscopio introducido a través del adaptador del bloqueador. Se estandarizaron la modalidad deventilación y las maniobras destinadas a restablecer la oxigenación en caso de desaturación. Se controlaron gases arteriales, presión de vía aérea y CO2 de fin de espiración (EtCO2) ventilando ambos pulmones y en VMP. Resultados: El BBA fue correctamente posicionado en todos los pacientes, obteniéndose un pulmón desinflado en todos ellos. La relación pO2 /FiO2 promedio en decúbito lateral ventilando ambos pulmones y en VMP fue 287 (rango 100-424) y 199 (rango 62-332), p = 0,0108. La diferencia pCO2-EtCO2 mostró un comportamiento variable, aumentando en algunos e incluso haciéndose negativa en otros. Conclusión: El BBA permitió realizar VMP en todos los pacientes. La relación paO2/FiO2 disminuyó en todos los pacientes pero la saturación arterial de oxígeno pudo ser mantenida en niveles seguros. La capnografía mostró ser un indicador poco confiable de la efectividad de la ventilación durante VMP...


Single lung ventilation (SLV) and knowledge of its effects in pediatric patients has been limited by the lack of suitable double lumen tubes (DLT). The bronchial blocker (BB) described by Arndt allows SLV without a DLT, even in small children. Objective: Describe the experience with the Arndt’s BB, and the effects of SLV on gas exchange in children. Design: Observational study. Setting and patients: Eleven children requiring SLV using a BB were studied at a University Hospital. Interventions: A BB was used for SLV. When the internal diameter of the ET didn’t allow the use of the BB as originally described, it was inserted into the trachea before tracheal intubation, leaving the BB next to the ET. A FOB inserted through the multi-portal adapter of the BB guided it to the desired position. Ventilatory pattern and maneuvers to restore arterial oxygen saturation (SatO2) were standardized. Main outcome measures: Arterial blood gases, airway pressure, and EtCO2 were obtained in lateral decubitus position while both lungs were ventilated and during SLV. Results: Ages were between seven months and four years. In 10 patients, the BB was inserted alongside the tracheal tube. In all cases the lung was quiet and deflated. In 2 patients, surgical manipulation dislodged the BB. In one it could not be replaced and thoracotomy was required. Arterial pO2decreased in all patients, but SatO2was maintained above 90%. No significant changes in pCO2 and airway pressure were observed, and pCO2 -EtCO2 relationship was unpredictable. Conclusion: Arndt’s BB allowed SLV in all patients. Even though arterial pO2 decreased in all children, SatO2 could be maintained at an acceptable level...


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Pulmonary Gas Exchange/physiology , Oxygen/blood , Respiration, Artificial/methods
12.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 78(3): 187-192, 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-687158

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: el cáncer cérvicouterino (CC) es uno de los cánceres más comunes en la mujer cuyo factor etiologico principal es la infección por el virus papiloma humano (VPH). Dada la epidemiología de esta infección es necesario buscar estrategias a nivel primario para disminuir la incidencia del CC. Objetivos: conocer la evidencia existente sobre los programas de intervención educativa en educación sexual, prevención del CC e infección por VPH impartida a profesores de educación básica/media. Metodología: búsqueda en bases de datos Medline/Pubmed, ProQuest, SciELO, Eric, CINHAL, PsycINFO y metabuscador Tripdatabase entre mayo-junio 2012. Análisis del tema: las intervenciones educativas relacionadas a la educación sexual dependen de factores como es el respaldo político-legislativo del país, contexto sociocultural y familiar y contexto general del colegio. Son los profesores los más idóneos en la entrega de estos contenidos en colegios de educación básica o secundaría, ya que son percibidos por niños y jóvenes como fuentes creíbles y confiables en la entregar de información sexual. Los principios de aprendizaje social son recomendados como estrategias educativas porque permiten aprenden por medio de técnicas participativas. Conclusiones: los docentes mejor preparados para entregar contenidos de índole sexual son aquellos que han recibido capacitación. Los profesores identifican como dificultad en la entrega de contenidos la falta de experiencia para desarrollar con sus estudiantes programas de índole sexual y el desconocimiento sobre cuánto decir.


Background: cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women whose main etiological factor Is infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV). Given the epidemiology of this infection is necessary to search at the primary strategies to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. Objective: to determine the evidence on educational interventions in sexual education, prevention of cervical cancer and HPV infection imparted for basic education teachers/media. Method: search in Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, SciELO, Eric, CINAHL, PsycINFO and metasearch Tripdatabase between May-June 2012. Analysis of the theme: educational interventions related to sex education is based relay on factors such as political and legislative support of the country, family and socio-cultural context and general context at the school. Teachers are most suitable persons in delivering this content at schools of basic and secondary education. They are perceived by children and young people as credible and reliable sources of information on the sexual. Social learning principles are recommended to teach this content because they allow learning through participatory techniques. Conclusions: teachers who are better equipped to deliver sexual content are those who have been trained. Teachers identified inexperience with their students to develop programs of a sexual nature and ignorance about how to say, as difficulty to deliver the program.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Faculty , Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Sex Education , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Health Education , Program Evaluation
13.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 77(2): 87-92, 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627406

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La infección por Virus Papiloma Humano (VPH) es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual, que afecta a un alto porcentaje de mujeres jóvenes de todo el mundo. Su alta incidencia está asociada al inicio precoz y mayor frecuencia de la actividad sexual. A pesar de que la infección por VPH está ampliamente difundida en el mundo, es una infección aún desconocida por la población, lo que asociado a diversos factores culturales, favorece el desarrollo de múltiples creencias que dificultan la prevención y diagnóstico precoz. Objetivo: Identificar, describir y analizar las principales creencias relacionadas al VPH. Método: Se realizó búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scielo y metabuscador Tripdatabase, seleccionándose para su análisis, 45 artículos. Análisis del tema: La educación en salud debe considerar aspectos cognitivos, sociales y culturales de donde emergen las creencias de la población para poder abordarlas con un modelo teórico que lo sustente. Las creencias identificadas en esta revisión corresponden a la relación de infección por VPH y cáncer de cuello uterino en donde en general esta asociación es reconocida; creencias en relación al riesgo de contraer la infección por VPH asociado al nivel de conocimiento; estoicismo; negación y fatalismo/familismo presente preferentemente en las mujeres en donde niegan su enfermedad postergando su diagnóstico y tratamiento por mantener el bienestar de la familia.


Background: The infection produced by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted disease that affects a large percentage of young women around the world. This high incidence of HPV infection is associated with early onset and greater frequency of sexual activity. Although HPV infection is widespread in the world, is still an unknown infection, which is associated with cultural factors that favor the development of multiple beliefs that hinder the prevention and early diagnosis. Objective: To identify, describe and analyze the major beliefs that limit HPV detection. Methods: Literature search was carried out in MEDLINE, Pro-Quest, Scielo and Tripdatabase metasearch, selecting 45 articles for analysis. Analysis of the theme: The health education should consider cultural and social cognitive aspects of a given society and culture from which they emerge to address these beliefs with a theoretical model to support it. The beliefs identified in this review correspond to the relationship between HPV infection and cervical cancer where the association is generally recognized, beliefs regarding the risk of HPV infection associated with the level of knowledge, stoicism, denial and fatalism/familism preferably present in women who deny their illness where diagnosis and treatment are postponed for maintaining the family and others.


Subject(s)
Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Papillomavirus Infections , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Vaginal Smears
14.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 77(2): 111-115, 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627410

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: El cáncer cervicouterino (CC) se ha convertido en los últimos años en el cáncer más común en la mujer. La detección precoz a través del screening de PAP ha sido insuficiente, siendo indispensable buscar nuevas estrategias para prevenirlo, una de las cuales es la incorporación de intervenciones educativas. Objetivos: Conocer las intervenciones educativas destinadas a la prevención del CC e identificar sus características principales. Método: Se realizó búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scielo y metabuscador Tripdatabase, seleccionándose para su análisis, 15 artículos que respondían al objetivo planteado. Análisis: Las intervenciones educativas utilizadas para la prevención del CC abordan temas como el conocimiento general sobre CC, PAP y HPV, las creencias sobre CC, y las actitudes preventivas entre otros. Los folletos educativos y las sesiones de discusión son las metodologías más utilizadas en este tipo de intervenciones, midiéndose la efectividad de éstas a través de la aplicación de pre y post test, ya sea inmediatamente después de la intervención, o a lo largo del tiempo. Se observa que este tipo de intervenciones educativas son efectivas para mejorar aspectos como el nivel de conocimiento en la población y la adquisición de conductas preventivas (adherencia a la toma de PAP). Conclusión: Considerando los beneficios de las intervenciones educativas en la prevención del CC, se hace fundamental ampliar su utilización, no olvidando que su empleo implica la prevención de la enfermedad, pudiéndose evitar muertes de mujeres jóvenes y el aumento de la carga de salud por enfermedad de un país.


Background: Cervical cancer has become in recent years the most common cancer in women. Early detection through screening of PAP has been insufficient, being indispensable to search for new strategies to prevent it, one of which is the incorporation of educational interventions. Objective: To educational interventions aimed at preventing cervical cancer and identify its main features. Method: Literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scielo and Tripdatabase, selecting for analysis, 15 research articles that reflected the purpose stated. Analysis: Educational interventions used to address cervical cancer prevention topics such as general knowledge about cervical cancer, PAP and HPV, cervical cancer beliefs, attitudes, preventive against this disease, among others. The educational brochures (pamphlets) and discussion sessions are the methodologies used in these interventions, measuring the effectiveness of these through the application of pre and post test, either immediately after surgery, or over time. Note that this type of educational interventions are effective in improving aspects such as the level of knowledge in the population and the acquisition of preventive behavior (adherence to PAP). Conclusion: Considering the benefits of educational interventions in the prevention of cervical cancer, it is essential to expand its use, not forgetting that their job involves the prevention of the disease, being able to prevent deaths of young women and increasing health burden of disease of a country.


Subject(s)
Female , Health Education/methods , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Patient Education as Topic
15.
Rev Med Chil ; 139(3): 353-6, 2011 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21879168

ABSTRACT

Transesophageal echocardiography can assess ventricular filling ana contraction ana detect motility disturbances secondary to ischemia. In non-cardiac surgery it can be extremely helpful to monitor complex patients. We report a 69-year-old mole subjected to a hepatic lobectomy, a 59-year-old mole with hepatorenal syndrome, a 52-year-old female subjected to a gastric bypass, and a 54-year-old mole subjected to a thyroidectomy. In these four cases, left ventricular motility and preload were evaluated with transesophageal echocardiography, and it was of great aid in decision-making during anesthesia.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Gastric Bypass/methods , Liver Transplantation/methods , Thyroidectomy/methods , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Intraoperative
16.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(9): 1157-1162, set. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-612239

ABSTRACT

Background: During the perioperative period an adequate intravascular volume must be maintained. Current recommendations overestimate perioperative volume requirements. Aim: To compare perioperative volume administration using standard monitoring methods or guided by left ventricular filling parameters. Material and Methods: Twenty-four patients subjected to colon resection were randomized to monitoring by electrocardiography, blood and central venous pressure, or by transesophageal echocardiography. In the latter, volume administration was adjusted to maintain basal values of left ventricular end diastolic volume and cardiac index. Results: Patients with the standard monitoring system and transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring received 21.1±12 and 6.3 ± 2 ml/kg/h of fluids during the perioperative period, respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The use of transesophageal echocardiography significantly reduced the perioperative fluid administration.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Colectomy , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/adverse effects , Fluid Therapy/methods , Hemodynamics/physiology , Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods , Blood Volume , Isotonic Solutions/administration & dosage , Perioperative Period , Prospective Studies , Ventricular Function, Left/physiology
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(3): 353-356, mar. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597625

ABSTRACT

Transesophageal echocardiography can assess ventricular filling ana contraction ana detect motility disturbances secondary to ischemia. In non-cardiac surgery it can be extremely helpful to monitor complexpatients. We report a 69-year-old mole subjected to a hepatic lobectomy, a 59-year-old mole with hepatorenal syndrome, a 52-year-old femóle subjected to a gastric bypass, and a 54-year-old mole subjected to a thyroidectomy. In these four cases, left ventricular motility and preload were evaluated with transesophageal echocardiography, and itwas ofgreat aid in decision-making during anesthesia.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Gastric Bypass/methods , Liver Transplantation/methods , Thyroidectomy/methods , Monitoring, Intraoperative
19.
Rev Med Chil ; 139(9): 1157-62, 2011 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22215394

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: During the perioperative period an adequate intravascular volume must be maintained. Current recommendations overestimate perioperative volume requirements. AIM: To compare perioperative volume administration using standard monitoring methods or guided by left ventricular filling parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients subjected to colon resection were randomized to monitoring by electrocardiography, blood and central venous pressure, or by transesophageal echocardiography. In the latter, volume administration was adjusted to maintain basal values of left ventricular end diastolic volume and cardiac index. RESULTS: Patients with the standard monitoring system and transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring received 21.1 ± 12 and 6.3 ± 2 ml/kg/h of fluids during the perioperative period, respectively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The use of transesophageal echocardiography significantly reduced the perioperative fluid administration.


Subject(s)
Colectomy , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/adverse effects , Fluid Therapy/methods , Hemodynamics/physiology , Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods , Blood Volume , Female , Humans , Isotonic Solutions/administration & dosage , Male , Middle Aged , Perioperative Period , Prospective Studies , Ringer's Lactate , Ventricular Function, Left/physiology
20.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 76(5): 294-301, 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-608798

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: El cáncer cérvicouterino (CC) es considerada patología GES. Desde su implementación no se reporta evaluación de la calidad de atención del Programa. Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de la calidad de la atención recibida y otorgada en el Programa AUGE-CC del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur Oriente. Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con un grupo de 364 usuarias y 59 profesionales de los tres niveles de atención. Para evaluar la calidad de atención de usuarias y profesionales se utilizó el instrumento INCA-AUGE. Resultados: Dimensión I: La nota brindada al programa por las usuarias fue 6,3 versus 5,9 de los profesionales. Dimensión II: 78 por ciento de las usuarias percibe un trato humanizado, versus el 48 por ciento de los profesionales que perciben otorgar un trato humanizado en la atención. Dimensión III: 40 por ciento de las mujeres considera suficiente la dotación de personal del programa, a diferencia de los profesionales en que solo el 15,3 por ciento lo considera adecuado. Dimensión IV: 93 por ciento del grupo de mujeres perciben recibir educación sobre su enfermedad y tratamiento versus el 64,4 por ciento de los profesionales que lo considera. Dimensión V: 80 por ciento de las usuarias percibe que el programa cuenta con los materiales adecuados para entregar una buena atención, a diferencia del 5,1 por ciento de los profesionales que los consideran adecuados. Conclusión: La evaluación en general es buena siendo los profesionales más exigentes. Se identifican áreas de mejora emergentes a través de la comparación de percepciones de usuarias y profesionales, figuras claves implicadas en la evaluación de la calidad de atención.


Background: Cervical Cancer (CC) is a GES pathology. Since its implementation, evaluation of the program's quality of care have not been reported. Objective: Determine the perception of the quality of care received and given in the AUGE Program CC of the Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur Oriente. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional study with a group of 364 users and 59 professionals from the three levels of care. To assess the quality of care of users and professionals was used the instrument INCA-AUGE was used. Results: Dimension I: The grade given by users to this program was a 6.3 versus a 5.9 given by professionals. Dimension II: 78 percent of users perceive a humane treatment, versus a 48 percent of professionals which perceive that treatment provided is humane. Dimension III: 40 percent of women consider that the amount of people working in the program is adequate, unlike professionals that only a 15.3 percent considers it adequate. Dimension IV: 93 percent of the group of women perceives to be educated about their disease and treatment versus 64.4 percent of professionals considers it. Dimension V: 80 percent of users perceived that the program has adequate materials to provide a good care, versus a 5.1 percent of professionals who consider them appropriate. Conclusion: The evaluation is generally good being professionals more demanding. There have been identified emerging areas for improvement by comparing the perceptions of users and professionals, key figures involved in the evaluation of the quality of care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Attitude of Health Personnel , Health Care Reform , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/therapy , Patient Satisfaction , Program Evaluation , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Professional-Patient Relations , Quality Indicators, Health Care
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