[Present situation of antibiotic resistances in tonsillar infections]. / Situación actual de las resistencias a antibióticos en infecciones amigdalares.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain the main responsible organisms, its sensitivity and resistances to antibiotics in tonsillitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have studied the post-surgical tonsils, carrying out a microbiologic study, its culture and sensitivity. RESULTS: The most frequent isolated organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (29.3%), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (23.4%), and Haemophilus influenzae (12.1%). The highest resistances were for the S. aureus (penicillin 91%, erythromycin 18% and 5% to the rest of the beta-lactams), followed by H. influenzae (50% clarithromycin, 30% amoxyciIlin and 2% cephalosporins) and S. pyogenes (28% erytromycin, 10% clindamycin and 3% penicillin). CONCLUSIONS: We noticed the minimal resistance found to cephalosporins, and for this reason they appear to be the safest option, except in children under five years old, in which amoxicillin is still the first line treatment, because the causative agent is S. pyogenes, sensitive to that antibiotic.

Situación actual de las resistencias a antibióticos en infecciones amigdalares / Present situation of antibiotic resistances in tonsillar infections

Objetivo: Obtener los principales microorganismos y resistencias a antibióticos en infecciones amigdalares. Material y métodos: Realizamos un estudio microbiológico con antibiograma de amígdalas palatinas postquirúrgicas. Resultados: Los microorganismos más aislados han sido el Staphylococcus aureus (29,3%) seguido del Streptococcus pyogenes (23,4%), y del Haemophilus influenzae (12,1%). Las mayores resistencias fueron para el S. aureus (91% a la penicilina, 18% a la eritromicina y un 5% al resto de β-lactámicos), seguido del H. influenzae (50% a la claritromicina, 30% a la amoxicilina y 2% a cefalosporinas) y por último el S. pyogenes (28% a la eritromicina, 10% a la clindamicina y 3% a la penicilina). Conclusiones: Destacamos la mínima resistencia encontrada a las cefalosporinas por lo que parece ser el grupo antibiótico más seguro, excepto en los niños menores de 5 años en los cuales la amoxicilina sigue siendo de primera elección dado que están provocadas por S. pyogenes sensibles a dicho antibiótico

Objective: To obtain the main responsible organisms, its sensitivity and resistances to antibiotics in tonsillitis. Material and methods: We have studied the post-surgical tonsils, carrying out a microbiologic study, its culture and sensitivity. Results: The most frequent isolated organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (29.3%), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (23.4%), and Haemophilus influenzae (12.1%). The highest resistances were for the S. aureus (penicillin 91%, erythromycin 18% and 5% to the rest of the β-lactams), followed by H. influenzae (50% clarithromycin, 30% amoxycillin and 2% cephalosporins) and S. pyogenes (28% erytromycin, 10% clindamycin and 3% penicillin). Conclusions: We noticed the minimal resistance found to cephalosporins, and for this reason they appear to be the safest option, except in children under five years old, in which amoxicillin is still the first line treatment, because the causative agent is S. pyogenes, sensitive to that antibiotic

[Clinical and performance results of functional endoscopic sinus surgery]. / Resultados clínicos y asistenciales de la cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal.

Our aim was to know the clinical performance and management results of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) in Spanish hospitals. We sent a survey on the use and results of FESS to 160 Spanish public hospitals in June of 2002, obtaining a response rate of 69%. 82.9% of the interviewed hospitals carried out FESS and 17.1% of the remaining used the classic techniques of approaching the paranasal sinuses. The reported length of stay in hospital was 1.4 days for the FESS and 2.4 for the traditional surgery. The surgical time was 15 minutes shorter for the CENS, and the rate of recurrence was 16% less than for the classic surgery. As years of experience in the practice of the CENS go by, the surgical times tend to decrease, that didn't happen with the rate of recurrence. In conclusion, we consider that FESS seems to improve the analyzed clinical performance and assistential results.

[The implementation of endoscopic sinus surgery in Spain]. / Implantación de la cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal en España.

The purpose of this study is to find out more about the implementation of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in our country. To do that, we designed a survey which was sent to 160 public hospitals (June 2002). We received the answers of 111 hospitals. 82.9% of hospitals and 58% of surgeons performed FESS, with some differences among autonomic regions. The percentage of surgeons who performed FESS was higher in small hospitals and their mean experience time was 6.2 years. We consider the implementation of endoscopic sinus surgery very high, this can reflect that there are evident advantages for those who specialists who use it.

Resultados clínicos y asistenciales de la cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal / Clinical and performance results of functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Nuestro objetivo fue conocer los resultados clínicos y asistenciales de la Cirugía Endoscópica Nasosinusal (CENS) en hospitales españoles. Enviamos una encuesta sobre su utilización y resultados a 160 hospitales públicos españoles en junio de 2002, obteniendo una tasa de respuesta del 69 por ciento de los centros. El 82,9 por ciento de los hospitales encuestados realizaba CENS y el 17,1 por ciento restante utilizaba las técnicas clásicas de abordaje de senos paranasales. La estancia media hospitalaria declarada fue de 1,4 días para la CENS y 2,4 para la cirugía tradicional. El tiempo quirúrgico medio fue 15 minutos menor para la CENS, obteniéndose un 16 por ciento menos de recidivas frente a la cirugía clásica. A más años de experiencia en la práctica de la CENS, los tiempos quirúrgicos tienden a reducirse, lo que no ocurrió con el porcentaje de recidivas. En conclusión, consideramos que la CENS parece mejorar los parámetros clínicos y asistenciales analizados (AU)

Our aim was to know the clinical performance and management results of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) in Spanish hospitals. We sent a survey on the use and results of FESS to 160 Spanish public hospitals in June of 2002, obtaining a response rate of 69%. 82.9% of the interviewed hospitals carried out FESS and 17.1% of the remaining used the classic techniques of approaching the paranasal sinuses. The reported length of stay in hospital was 1.4 days for the FESS and 2.4 for the traditional surgery. The surgical time was 15 minutes shorter for the CENS, and the rate of recurrence was 16% less than for the classic surgery. As years of experience in the practice of the CENS go by, the surgical times tend to decrease, that didn't happen with the rate of recurrence. In conclusion, we consider that FESS seems to improve the analyzed clinical performance and assistential results (AU)

Implantacion de la cirugía endoscopica nasosinusal en España / The implementation of endoscopic sinus surgery in Spain

El objetivo del trabajo es conocer la implantación existente de la Cirugía Endoscópica Nasosinusal (CENE) en nuestro país. Para ello, se diseñó una encuesta que se envió a 160 hospitales de la red pública española (junio / 2002). Se obtuvo una participación de 111 hospitales; de los cuales el 82,9 por ciento realizaban CENS con un porcentaje de especialistas implicados en la técnica del 58 por ciento, existiendo algunas diferencias entre Comunidades Autónomas. En los hospitales más pequeños el porcentaje de facultativos que realizaban CENS fue mucho mayor que en los grandes hospitales regionales. La experiencia media obtenida se situó en 6,2 años. Consideramos que el grado de implantación de CENS obtenido es muy elevado, lo que puede reflejar que las ventajas de su uso son muy evidentes para los clínicos que la utilizan (AU)

The purpose of this study is to find out more about the implementation of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in our country. To do that, we designed a survey which was sent to 160 public hospitals (June 2002). We received the answers of 111 hospitals. 82.9% of hospitals and 58% of surgeons performed FESS, with some differences among autonomic regions. The percentage of surgeons who performed FESS was higher in small hospitals and their mean experience time was 6.2 years. We consider the implementation of endoscopic sinus surgery very high, this can reflect that there are evident advantages for those who specialists who use it (AU)

[Objective study of the voice in a normal population and in dysphonia caused by nodules and vocal polyps]. / Estudio objetivo de la voz en población normal y en la disfonía por nódulos y pólipos vocales.

A study of the objective evaluation of voice was made of 100 voices of healthy adults and 60 with disphonia (nodules and polyps). A laryngostroboscopy and an acoustic analysis was made to everyone. A sustained vowel "a" was carried out and digitalized with Dr. Speech Science software. These parameters were estimated: fundamental frequency (Fo, according to gender), Jitter, Shimmer and glottic noise (NNE, HNR, SNR). In the healthy group Fo was 139.72 in men and 267.33 in women, jitter 0.24 and shimmer 2.10. In disphonic patients (nodules) Fo was 126.96 in men and 240.72 in women, jitter 0.35 and shimmer 3.25. In disphonic patients (polyps) Fo was 119.75 in men and 218.26 in women, jitter 0.50 and shimmer 4.34. These difference were statistically significant. Glottic Noise in healthy group was: NNE -13.62, HNR 24.07 and SNR 24.49; in disphonic patients (nodules) was: NNE -10.65, HNR 25.21 and SNR 25.55; in disphonic patients (polyps) was: NNE -8.24, HNR 29.63 and SNR 28.22. Only the difference in the NNE was statistically significant. We highlight the importance of objective evaluation of voice disorders.

Estudio objetivo de la voz en población normal y en la disfonía por nódulos y pólipos vocales / Study objetive of voice in normal poblation and disphonia for nodules and polyps

Presentamos un estudio sobre la evaluación objetiva de la voz en 100 adultos sanos y en 60 sujetos con disfonía por nódulos o pólipos vocales. A todos se les realizó una laringoestroboscopia y un análisis acústico vocal. Se registró y digitalizó la vocal "a" con el programa Dr. Speech Science. Se estimaron los parámetros: frecuencia fundamental (Fo, expresada en función del sexo), jitter, shimmer y Ruido Glótico (NNE, HNR y SNR). La Fo en el grupo normal fue de 139.72 en varones y 267.33 en mujeres, jitter 0.24 y shimmer 2.10. En pacientes disfónicos por nódulos Fo fue 126.96 en varones y 240.72 en mujeres, jitter 0.35 y shimmer 3.25. En pacientes disfónicos por pólipos Fo fue 119.75 en varones y 218.26 en mujeres, jitter 0.50 y shimmer 4.34. Todas estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas. El Ruido Glótico en población normal fue de: NNE -13.62, HNR 24.07 y SNR 24.49; en pacientes con nódulos: NNE -10.65, HNR 25.21 y SNR 25.55; en pacientes con pólipo vocal: NNE -8.24, HNR 29.63 y SNR 28.22. Sólo existió diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el parámetro NNE. Destacamos la importancia de la valoración objetiva de los trastornos de la voz (AU)

A study of the objective evaluation of voice was made of 100 voices of healthy adults and 60 with disphonia (nodules and polyps). A laryngostroboscopy and an acoustic analysis was made to everyone. A sustained vowel "a" was carried out and digitalized with Dr. Speech Science software. These parameters were estimated: fundamental frequency (Fo, according to gender), Jitter, Shimmer and glottic noise (NNE, HNR, SNR). In the healthy group Fo was 139.72 in men and 267.33 in women, jitter 0.24 and shimmer 2.10. In disphonic patients (nodules) Fo was 126.96 in men and 240.72 in women, jitter 0.35 and shimmer 3.25. In disphonic patients (polyps) Fo was 119.75 in men and 218.26 in women, jitter 0.50 and shimmer 4.34. These difference were statistically significant. Glottic Noise in healthy group was: NNE -13.62, HNR 24.07 and SNR 24.49; in disphonic patients (nodules) was: NNE -10.65, HNR 25.21 and SNR 25.55; in disphonic patients (polyps) was: NNE -8.24, HNR 29.63 and SNR 28.22. Only the difference in the NNE was statistically significant. We highlight the importance of objective evaluation of voice disorders (AU)

[Frontal ethmoid metastases of prostatic carcinoma. Report of one case and review of the literature]. / Metástasis fronto-etmoidal de adenocarcinoma prostático. Presentación de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura.

Prostatic metastases in the nose and paranasal sinuses are rare. Less than 100 cases have been reported in the literature. Kidney are the commonest site of primary tumour, followed by lung and breast. Only 10 cases have previously been reported in the world literature. Prostatic metastases have been mainly reported in the sphenoid sinus. This paper reports one case of metastases of prostatic carcinoma in the fronto-ethmoid sinus in a 72 years old male. The clinical picture includes acute fronto-ethmoid right sinusitis, severe exophthalmos and chemosis. The CT scan showed extensive soft tissue filling the maxillary, ethmoid cells, sphenoid and frontal right sinuses, with subdural abscess. Biopsies from the fronto-ethmoid mass showed infiltration by adenocarcinoma with positive immunostaining for prostatic specific antigen. We also review the literature about metastases involving the nose and paranasal sinuses.

Metástasis fronto-etmoidal de adenocarcinoma prostático. Presentación de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Fronto-ethmoid metastases of prostatic carcinoma. Report of one case and review of the literature

Los tumores metastásicos en fosas y senos paranasales son enormemente raros, existiendo menos de cien casos descritos en las distintas revisiones bibliográficas. Los tumores primarios de origen de estas metástasis son, en orden de frecuencia, el hipernefroma, el cáncer de pulmón y el cáncer de mama. El adenocarcinoma prostático como productor de metástasis en senos paranasales es excepcional, existiendo únicamente diez casos descritos en la literatura, siendo la localización más común el seno esfenoidal y el maxilar. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente varón de 72 años de edad, que debuta con sintomatología de sinusitis aguda frontoetmoidal derecha y celulitis orbitaria ipsilateral. El estudio radiológico mediante TAC demuestra la existencia de una ocupación masiva de todos los senos paranasales derechos, así como una colección subdural frontal, compatible con absceso o empiema subdural. En el acto quirúrgico se comprueba la existencia de una masa tumoral a nivel frontoetmoidal derecho, como proceso de ase, confirmándose posteriormente el diagnóstico histopatológico de adenocarcinoma prostático, con positividad inmunohistoquímica para el Antígeno Prostático Específico (PSA) (AU)

Prostatic metastases in the nose and paranasal sinuses are rare. Less than 100 cases have been reported in the literature. Kidney are the commonest site of primary tumour, followed by lung and breast. Only 10 cases have previously been reported in the world literature. Prostatic metastases have been mainly reported in the sphenoid sinus. This paper reports one case of metastases of prostatic carcinoma in the fronto-ethmoid sinus in a 72 years old male. The clinical picture includes acute fronto-ethmoid right sinusitis, severe exophthalmos and chemosis. The CT scan showed extensive soft tissue filling the maxillary, ethmoid cells, sphenoid and frontal right sinuses, with subdural abscess. Biopsies from the fronto-ethmoid mass showed infiltration by adenocarcinoma with positive immunostaining for prostatic specific antigen. We also review the literature about metastases involving the nose and paranasal sinuses (AU)

[Mediofacial degloving in extramedullary plasmacytoma with orbital invasion]. / Degloving medio-facial en un plasmocitoma extramedular con invasión orbitaria.

Extramedullary solitary plasmacytoma is a rare plasmatic cell tumor occurring in the head and neck. We report the case of a patient with a mass that arose from the sphenoidal base, extended toward the right paranasal sinuses, and invaded the orbit. The clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic problems are discussed and reviewed in the literature, with special attention to an alternative therapeutic approach, midfacial degloving.

Degloving medio-facial en un plasmocitoma extramedular con invasión orbitaria / Mediofacial degloving in extramedullary plasmacytoma with orbital invasion

El plasmocitoma solitario extramedular es un raro tumor dentro de los de células plasmáticas que ocurren en cabeza y cuello. Presentamos un caso clínico de un paciente que presenta una masa que naciendo de la base esfenoidal se extiende hacia los senos paranasales derechos llegando a invasión orbitaria. Las características clínicas, criterios diagnósticos y problemas terapéuticos son discutidos y revisados en la literatura, con especial atención a un abordaje terapéutico alternativo: el degloving medio-facial (AU)

Extramedullary solitary plasmacytoma is a rare plasmatic cell tumor occurring in the head and neck. We report the case of a patient with a mass that arose from the sphenoidal base, extended toward the right paranasal sinuses, and invaded the orbit. The clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic problems are discussed and reviewed in the literature, with special attention to an alternative therapeutic approach, midfacial degloving (AU)

[Endoscopic closure of nasal fistulas leaking cerebrospinal fluid. Our experience]. / Cierre endoscópico de fístulas nasales de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Nuestra experiencia.

UNLABELLED: Cerebrospinal fluid (SCF) rhinorrea results from a breakdown of the dura and supporting structures of the skull base. Trauma is responsible for 81 to 90 percent of the cases of SCF rhinorrea, and it occurs in approximately 2 percent of all head injuries. This is a retrospective review of 5 patients who underwent endoscopic treatment of CSF rhinorrea during 1997 in our hospital. The aetiology of leaks was: iatrogenic in two cases (by transphenoidal hypophysectomies), traumatic in two cases (by head injuries) and spontaneous in one (nasal encephalocele). CONCLUSION: we recommend endoscopic approach as the first line in managing CSF rhinorrea because it avoids an external incision, requires less cumbersome instrumentation and in our hands in the safest and most successful. Furthermore, we prefer the autogenous mocuperiosteum of the inferior turbinate glued over the fistula offers several advantages: it is readily available in sufficient size for the closure of most defects, only minor surgery for graft harvesting is necessary and, the texture of the mucoperiostium permits a good secure seal.