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1.
An. psiquiatr ; 18(7): 325-341, jul. 2002. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-15780

ABSTRACT

Se expone el caso clínico de una mujer de 26 años, seguido durante más de tres años después de la intervención quirúrgica de un aneurisma en la arteria comunicante anterior, describiéndose los antecedentes personales, familiares y sociolaborales; la evolución clínica y psicopatológica; las pruebas instrumentales realizadas (arteriografía, TAC craneal, perfiles hormonales, EEG); las pruebas de evaluación psicométrica acerca de la actitud, comportamiento, orientación, conciencia, atención, concentración, lenguaje, aptitudes intelectivas (WAIS: CIV = 95 y 104, CIM = 85 y 119 y CIT = 89 y 112, respectivamente), funciones perceptivas, ejecutivas, personalidad, etc. En los comentarios, se resume la evolución clínica-psicopatológica-neuropsiquiátrica del daño cerebral frontal con sus subsíndromes (dorsolateral, orbital y medial), los trastornos de personalidad en el síndrome prefrontal y los trastornos de memoria característicos. Por último, se comentan algunas cuestiones del programa terapéutico y rehabilitador, incidiendo en los aspectos multidisciplinarios a largo plazo. El trabajo se acompaña de 6 figuras, 1 tabla y 52 referencias bibliográficas (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Vascular Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/etiology , Syndrome , Follow-Up Studies , Intracranial Aneurysm , Cerebral Angiography , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Personality Disorders/etiology , Memory Disorders/etiology
2.
An. psiquiatr ; 17(10): 466-473, nov. 2001. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4851

ABSTRACT

La esquizofrenia de inicio tardío es un término introducido por M. Bleuler en 1943 para designar un grupo de trastornos psicóticos con sintomatología similar a la de las esquizofrenias pero que se iniciaban por encima de los 40 años de edad. En la actualidad el DSM-IV recoge esta diferenciación pero diferentes autores han puesto en duda su validez y han criticado la confusión terminológica existente con el término parafrenia tardía introducido por Roth en 1955. Los autores presentan un caso de esquizofrenia de inicio tardío y revisan de forma crítica algunos de los aspectos relacionados con estas categorías tanto desde el punto de vista histórico, conceptual, fenomenológico y metodológico, recogiendo distintas aportaciones realizadas en los últimos años así como algunas conclusiones alcanzadas recientemente por un grupo internacional de consenso (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Schizophrenia/diagnosis
3.
An. psiquiatr ; 17(9): 387-395, oct. 2001. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4841

ABSTRACT

A pesar de la mejora de los tratamientos y servicios de asistencia psiquiátrica durante los últimos años en la mayoría de los países desarrollados, el problema del suicidio continuará siendo una de las principales áreas problemáticas en salud pública durante este siglo. En este artículo los autores realizan una revisión crítica de las principales estrategias de prevención del suicidio evaluadas hasta la fecha. En la primera parte se realiza una revisión comparativa y crítica de la situación actual del problema, tanto a nivel local, autonómico, nacional y europeo. Posteriormente, se abordan los principales factores y poblaciones de riesgo sobre los que deben establecerse las estrategias de prevención, principalmente los individuos con intentos de suicidio. En la segunda parte, se revisan las principales estrategias de prevención y su impacto, tanto en la población general como en poblaciones de alto riesgo. Finalmente se proponen algunas líneas de actuación a considerar en nuestro país en un futuro inmediato (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Suicide/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Epidemiological Monitoring , Risk Groups
4.
An. psiquiatr ; 17(9): 396-407, oct. 2001. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4842

ABSTRACT

A pesar de la mejora de los tratamientos y servicios de asistencia psiquiátrica durante los últimos años en la mayoría de los países desarrollados, el problema del suicidio continuará siendo una de las principales áreas problemáticas en salud pública durante este siglo. En este artículo los autores realizan una revisión crítica de las principales estrategias de prevención del suicidio evaluadas hasta la fecha. En la primera parte se realiza una revisión comparativa y crítica de la situación actual del problema, tanto a nivel local, autonómico, nacional y europeo. Posteriormente, se abordan los principales factores y poblaciones de riesgo sobre los que deben establecerse las estrategias de prevención, principalmente los individuos con intentos de suicidio. En la segunda parte, se revisan las principales estrategias de prevención y su impacto, tanto en la población general como en poblaciones de alto riesgo. Finalmente se proponen algunas líneas de actuación a considerar en nuestro país en un futuro inmediato (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Suicide/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Risk Groups , Suicide/statistics & numerical data , Spain/epidemiology , National Health Strategies , Europe/epidemiology , Health Programs and Plans
5.
An. psiquiatr ; 16(9): 351-365, oct. 2000. tab
Article in ES | IBECS | ID: ibc-4826

ABSTRACT

Se revisan diferentes métodos no instrumentales que han sido empleados en la evaluación epidemiológica del sueño (entrevistas, diarios de sueño y cuestionarios). Se hace un estudio más completo de estos últimos en la revisión con 1 figura, 2 tablas, y 86 referencias. La mayor parte de los mismos no han sido comparados con la polisomnografía, ni tampoco han sido objeto de una validación estadística ni epidemiológica suficiente. El Índice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh, y su versión española, es uno de los pocos instrumentos que han sido validados. Hay varios datos coincidentes entre los distintos trabajos: las quejas de mala calidad de sueño llegan a estar presentes en el 30 por ciento de las poblaciones evaluadas, pero la prevalencia de insomnio sólo es del 10 al 15 por ciento; la calidad de sueño es peor en ancianos y en mujeres; la duración media del sueño es cercana a las 7 horas y 30 minutos (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Sleep Wake Disorders , Data Collection , Sleep , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Epidemiology , Diagnosis , Interviews as Topic , Surveys and Questionnaires
6.
An. psiquiatr ; 16(4): 161-176, abr. 2000. tab
Article in ES | IBECS | ID: ibc-4805

ABSTRACT

En la introducción, los autores revisan los primeros trabajos sobre el empleo de las sales de litio partiendo desde la primera aplicación como tratamiento específico de la enfermedad bipolar que fue propuesta por J.Cade en 1949. En una segunda parte se revisa la situación de la eficacia profiláctica de las sales de litio en el trastorno bipolar desde los primeros estudios de "diseño en espejo", comparativos, randomizados, prospectivos frente a placebo y por último, comparados con otros eutimizantes. También revisan las combinaciones del litio con otros estabilizadores del ánimo (valproato, carbamazepina, oxcarbazepina, neurolépticos, gabapentina, lamotrigina, topiramato etc.) y de forma especial la eficacia de la carbamazepina en el tratamiento de mantenimiento de trastornos bipolares. En la tercera parte se resumen los factores determinantes de eficacia profiláctica y factores de no respuesta al litio. En una cuarta parte tratan los riesgos y formas de interrupción del litio y sus principales causas, basándose en su experiencia de 49 casos en que se les interrumpió el litio y sustituyó en 25 de ellos por gabapentina. Tras la interrupción/sustitución del litio disminuyó el porcentaje de enfermos que recaían del 71,5 al 40,8 por ciento (p<0,05). La media de recaídas totales y de recaídas depresivas fue significativamente menor después de la interrupción/sustitución (1,7 frente a 0,7; p=0,002, y 1,1 frente a 0,4; p<0,001, respectivamente). Por último, de entre los principales antiepilépticos con posibilidades eutimizantes (gabapentina, topiramato, lamotrigina, tiagabina...) actualizan el empleo de la lamotrigina y gabapentina en trastorno bipolar apoyándose en los resultados en los 25 pacientes en los que se sustituyó el litio por gabapentina. En el grupo de sustitución por gabapentina hubo también una disminución significativa del porcentaje de enfermos que recaían (64 por ciento frente a 28 por ciento; p<0,05) y de la media de recaídas totales (1,4 frente a 0,3; p=0,02) y depresivas (0,8 frente a 0,2; p=0,007). Se aportan 10 tablas y 105 referencias bibliográficas (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Lithium/therapeutic use , Carbamazepine/therapeutic use , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy
7.
Psiquis (Madr.) ; 21(1): 32-39, ene. 2000. tab, ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-10899

ABSTRACT

Los problemas del sueño son muy frecuentes en los ancianos, y el envejecimiento es un factor de riesgo para sufrir insomnio. A su vez, la mala calidad de sueño aumenta el riesgo de mortalidad en los ancianos. En el presente trabajo, hacemos público un estudio sobre la calidad de sueño de 55 sujetos mayores de 64 años, realizado con la versión española del Indice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI). Encontramos que el deterioro del sueño es progresivo con el aumento de la edad, redundando sobre todo en una menor duración del sueño (AU)


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Humans , Quality of Life , Health of the Elderly , Aging/psychology , Sleep/physiology , Sleep Wake Disorders/diagnosis , Sleep Wake Disorders/psychology , Sleep Wake Disorders/mortality , Analysis of Variance , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/psychology , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Analysis of Variance , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/complications , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/psychology , Polysomnography/psychology , Psychological Tests
8.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9949566

ABSTRACT

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) have demonstrated to be effective, well tolerated and relatively safe drugs in cases of overdosage. However, and related to the potentiation of the serotonergic transmission elicited by them, these drugs have been associated by some authors with the possibility of causing vascular complications. Serotonin is a vasoactive substance with complex actions on vessel wall as a result of its interaction with specific receptors existing at this level. We present the case of an adolescent girl who suffered a cerebral infarction after consuming a toxic dose of paroxetine and two other products, one of them containing caffedrine and theodrenaline, and the other one a phlebotonic agent. In connection with the possible pathophysiological mecanism the implied products as well as the serotonergic vascular receptors are briefly reviewed. Finally, a reference is made to Calls syndrome as a possible entity related to the unfortunate event suffered by the patient. As a conclusion risks of the combined pharmacotherapy, especially in cases of overdosage and in child and adolescent populations, are underlined.


Subject(s)
Cerebral Infarction/chemically induced , Paroxetine/adverse effects , Personality Disorders/diagnosis , Phenylpropanolamine/analogs & derivatives , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/adverse effects , Self Medication , Theophylline/analogs & derivatives , Xanthines/adverse effects , Adolescent , Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis , Drug Overdose , Female , Humans , Personality Disorders/drug therapy , Phenylpropanolamine/adverse effects , Theophylline/adverse effects
9.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9412164

ABSTRACT

In the introduction the authors highlight the clinical theoretical and practical importance of affection disorders, especially depressive ones, during childhood and adolescence, their relationships of continuity and the limitations of psychopharmacological studies with antidepressants and other medicines. The authors review the bibliography consulted about the use of antidepressants in depressive disorders during adolescence following this order: authors and years, medicine used, type of population, number of cases, proportion of males and females, age ranges, dose in mg/kg/day, ranges of plasmatic concentrations, most frequent secondary and unwanted side effects, time of duration of the study, comorbidity, existence of a previous washing stage, as well as placebo and global results. The studies with triciclical antidepressants (TAD) are classified into open ones and controlled ones. Among the open ones, they review the studies by Dugas et al (1980), Geller et al (1985), Ryan et al (1986), Strober et al (1990), and Ambrosini et al (1994). Among the controlled ones, they review the studies by Kramer and Feiguine (1981), Geller et al (1990), Boulos et al (1991), and Kutcher et al (1994). In the third part, the studies of enhancement of TAD with lithium by Ryan et al (1988 a and b) and Strober et al (1992) are analysed. In the fourth part, the studies of enhancement of TAD with the IMAO by Ryan et al (1988-1990) are evaluated. In the fifth part, the ten studies with ISRS (fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, paroxetine and sertraline) on the treatment of depression during adolescence are also discussed. In the final comments there is a summary of the clinical perspective of this kind of psychopharmacological therapy. Four tables and 73 bibliographical references are included.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Mood Disorders/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , Male , Mood Disorders/psychology
10.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9245188

ABSTRACT

In the introduction the authors study some technical, methodological, ethical, administrative and marketing problems about the evaluation and investigation in child and adolescence psychopharmacology. They make a revision and critical evaluation about. As a whole the clinic use of antidepressive drugs in childhood psychiatry. Then, some open and controlled trial about tricyclic antidepressives are evaluated. After this, the authors present the most important advances about the open and controlled clinic trials with several antidepressives: tricyclic, tetracyclic, ISSR and MAO-Inhibitors and other drugs (placebo response, psychotherapy, imipramine, nortryptiline, amitriptyline, fluoxetine, MAO-Inhibitors, lithium, mianserin, maprotyline, etc.). Beside, placebo effect, response prediction factors, biologic markers, diagnostic criteria, evaluation methods and technics, drugs associations, clinic types of child depression, etc, are studied. In the last, the authors present some clinical conclusions about this subject.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Depressive Disorder/drug therapy , Adolescent , Child , Humans
12.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9054205

ABSTRACT

In the first part, the difficulties and deficiencies of the DSM-III and DSM-IV diagnostic manuals of the APA, and ICD-9 and ICD-10 of the WHO for this clinical field are discussed. The terms transversal and longitudinal or evolutional, nondirectional and bidirectional, co-morbidity, primary and secondary disorder, clinical co-belonging, concurrence, criteria of validity for clinical constructs, etc., are defined. The exaggerated frequency of co-morbidity is discussed, as well as some of its causes, artifacts and proposals for solution, their usefulness and importance. In the second part are analyzed changes in the different groups and forms of anxiety disorders and the consequences of changes in diagnostic criteria. The third part reviews the rates of prevalence of anxiety disorders in current bibliography. The fourth part reviews the bibliography on the co-morbidity of childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders with regard to the six clinical forms evaluated and mutual morbidity among these forms or types. Finally, the relations between the prevalence of these six types of disorder is examined in terms of age. There is a high frequency of transversal co-morbidity in the overanxiousness disorder and the other types of anxiety disorders, and it is postulated as a longitudinal co-morbidity expression of a possible evolutional relation between separation anxiety disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobia, which in turn is associated with depressive disorders.


Subject(s)
Anxiety Disorders/complications , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/complications , Adolescent , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety, Separation/psychology , Child , Child, Preschool , Comorbidity , Humans , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis , Panic Disorder/complications , Panic Disorder/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
13.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8900976

ABSTRACT

The authors, after a brief historical introduction, review the clinical contributions about Delirium Tremens during the second half of the XIXth century in 9 Saniard authors: J. Santamaría del Alba (1952), Inocente Escudero (1857), R. Sanfrutos (1858), Tomás Santero y Moreno (1867), Candela (1871), Robert (1871), José Armesto (1877), J. M. Castañeda (1879-1880), R. B. de la Roche (1881). It is appropriate to underline their tidying up and clinical interest, medical-pathological and general, their interest in the evolutionary course, their therapeutical empiricism and a certain indifference in framing this nosological entity in a doctrinal corpus more specific, except for Robert, who use the chloral hydrate only two after its introduction in medicine by Liebreich and De la Roche, who complains about absence of a monographic study and explains it according to the anatomic-clinical model of the General Pathology of his epoch, in a appropriate bibliographical context. Included are 12 tables and 27 bibliographical references.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium/history , History, 19th Century , Humans , Psychiatry/history , Spain
14.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7484305

ABSTRACT

The authors in the introduction provide an schematic historical scope of reference about the spaniard and european psychiatry from the XVIIIe to the XIXe century. They described the first seven clinical cases of Delirium found by them and published by spaniard physicians in the first half of the XIXe century. They revised mainly the clinical sintomatology, course and evolution, and went into deep detail in the hygienic-dietetical and pharmacological therapeutics used in this period, specially several galenic preparations of opium, tartarus emeticus, cremor, etc. Serapio Escolar y Morales (1808-1874) described the first clinical case of Delirium Tremens in 1839 in a 28 year old man, raising the differential diagnosis between intermittent fever, epilepsy and meningitis, and proposed a useless antiflogistic treatment (bleeding, leeches, poultice) and opium. The second case was described by an anonymous author (J.M.S.Z.) in 1845 in a 42 year old man. Francisco Castellvi y Pallares (1812-1879), in 1845, published another case in a 34 year old male, with an adequate description of the natural history of the disease, healing in 19 days with high doses of watery opium extract. The fourth clinical case was described by R.C.B. in 1846 in a 60 year old man with "alcoholic chorea", "ataxis fever" being the only one with a mortal outcome, treated also with opiates which he did not agree with. The fifth and sixth cases were published by Uliberry in 1847 in two males, 38 and 36 years old respectively. The seventh and last case was described in 1848 by F. Paula Barea, having to highlight the nosological, nosographical and evolutive perspectives in 3 clinical periods and a fourth of convalescence, the treatment differences and the etiopathogenical considerations. Included are 9 tables, 2 graphics and 29 bibliographical references.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium/history , History, 19th Century , Humans , Incidence , Male , Narcotics/history , Psychiatry/history , Spain , Treatment Outcome
15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7645416

ABSTRACT

Rett Syndrome was first described in 1966 by Andreas Rett. The disorder is characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive and motor skills as well as development o stereotyped hand movements, occurring after an apparently normal development. Authors present three typical cases, and, another one atypical, being all of them female. This study takes into account ten different areas about chronology, age and reasons in the first consultation, some milestones of psychomotor development, the diagnostic criteria--according to Rett Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria Work Group (R.S.D.C.W.G.), they consists of necessary, supportive and exclusion criteria-, some signs and symptoms that authors consider frequently associated with Rett syndrome, some diagnostic tests with neurophysiologic technics--E.E.G.--, as well as neuroimagins technics--C.T. and M.R.I.--; routine laboratory studies, development scales and something else, the DAS-SV scale which is usually used to study different handicaps and therapeutic interventions such as: psychosocial, clinical, pharmacological (valproic acid, carbamacepine, clorpromacine, etc.) and institutional. Three tables and 72 bibliographic notes are included.


Subject(s)
Rett Syndrome/diagnosis , Adolescent , Child , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/complications , Female , Humans , Karyotyping , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychomotor Agitation/etiology , Psychomotor Disorders/etiology , Rett Syndrome/complications , Stereotyped Behavior
16.
Acta Psychiatr Belg ; 81(2): 133-53, 1981.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6117184

ABSTRACT

In Spain, there is no national pharmaceutical industry in the field of neuroleptics and restrictive legislations tend to limit the marketing of new drugs. Only five long-acting neuroleptics (LAN) are available: fluphenazine enantate and decanoate, pipotiazine undecylate and palmoate, thioridazine "sustained-release"; LAN consumption represents 15% of all neuroleptics. Despite the numerous advantages of LANs, discussed by the author, the organisation of medicine and psychiatry in Spain, among others constant institutional "psychiatric revolutions", interferes with therapeutic decisions and follow-up: no sound empirical reports on factors influencing the prescription of drugs, stable plasma levels than repeated oral doses), difficulties for specialists to follow-up patients after their discharge from hospital. Cultural variables possibly play a role too, such as the declining french and german influence on spanish psychiatry and the increasing proportion of younger "antipsychiatric" doctors. The authors gives a detailed account of the psychiatric curriculum at the pre- and postgraduate levels.


Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage , Attitude of Health Personnel , Psychiatry , Delayed-Action Preparations , Humans , Physician-Patient Relations , Professional-Family Relations , Psychiatry/education , Psychotic Disorders/education , Spain
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