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3.
Gac Med Mex ; 149(1): 16-26, 2013.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23435072

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the most frequent sexually transmitted infections (STI) among college students 18-24 years old. Educational interventions for STI prevention can help to decrease viral STI prevalence among students. OBJECTIVE: to know the change in knowledge, perception of risk and sexual behavior among 182 students of the Autonomous University of the State of Morelos. MATERIAL AND METHOD: a community intervention trial (before-after) was carried out, using brochures for prevention of HSV-2 and HPV, including information about these STI, with emphasis on the risk factors identified in students of the same university. RESULTS: we found a change in the perception of STI risk during the intervention (56.5 before vs. 67.7% after intervention), possibly the brochures assisted students to learn more about their own risk behaviors. Likewise, there was an increase in knowledge in both HPV and HSV-2. CONCLUSIONS: it is necessary to increase the sample size in future interventions to assess further the change in knowledge, sexual behaviors and the prevalence of infections.


Subject(s)
Attitude to Health , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Herpes Genitalis , Papillomavirus Infections , Students, Medical , Adolescent , Female , Herpes Genitalis/etiology , Herpesvirus 2, Human , Humans , Male , Papillomavirus Infections/etiology , Risk , Students , Universities , Young Adult
4.
Salud Publica Mex ; 53 Suppl 1: S26-31, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21877069

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of the hepatitis B antibody (anti-HBc) based on a national serosurvey from 10 Mexican states showing a mean HBV prevalence higher than the national one. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. During 2003, anti-HBc was analyzed at INSP in 19 907 sera, and the related sociodemographic factors were determined. RESULTS: Anti-HBc prevalence was greater among men, but it was also associated to age, residence in a rural area, low socio-economic status, and illiteracy. Clusters of very high anti-HBc prevalence were found in several rural communities where the prevalence of anti-HBc in adults is 3 to 20 times the national average. CONCLUSIONS: Besides a low endemicity of HBV in Mexico, distribution is heterogeneous as was shown in several of the states studied, where there are rural towns with very high prevalence of HBV markers. National serosurveys are useful tools for identifying communities with hepatitis B hyperendemicity, where focused research and control measures are needed.


Subject(s)
Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers , Child , Cluster Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational Status , Female , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Sampling Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Social Class , Young Adult
5.
Salud Publica Mex ; 53 Suppl 1: S32-6, 2011.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21877070

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To perform a hepatitis B, C, and HIV survey in an enhanced sample from two rural communities with the highest anti-HBc prevalence found in ENSA 2000. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study.We studied the communities of La Calera and Cuambio, two adjacent rural towns of the district of Zirándaro, Guerrero, targeted because of the high prevalence of anti-HBc shown in ENSA 2000.We assessed the prevalence of hepatitis B and C, and HIV serological markers and associated factors among inhabitants older than 10 years. RESULTS: A very high prevalence of hepatitis B markers associated with socioeconomic factors was confirmed, while hepatitis C prevalence was low and HIV absent in the two communities addressed. CONCLUSIONS: National serosurveys are an accurate tool for identifying communities with hepatitis B high endemicity where focused research and control measures are needed.


Subject(s)
HIV Antibodies/blood , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV-1/immunology , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , Young Adult
6.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.1): S26-S31, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-597120

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of the hepatitis B antibody (anti-HBc) based on a national serosurvey from 10 Mexican states showing a mean HBV prevalence higher than the national one. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. During 2003, anti-HBc was analyzed at INSP in 19 907 sera, and the related sociodemographic factors were determined. RESULTS: Anti-HBc prevalence was greater among men, but it was also associated to age, residence in a rural area, low socio-economic status, and illiteracy. Clusters of very high anti-HBc prevalence were found in several rural communities where the prevalence of anti-HBc in adults is 3 to 20 times the national average. CONCLUSIONS: Besides a low endemicity of HBV in Mexico, distribution is heterogeneous as was shown in several of the states studied, where there are rural towns with very high prevalence of HBV markers. National serosurveys are useful tools for identifying communities with hepatitis B hyperendemicity, where focused research and control measures are needed.


OBJETIVO: Estudiar la distribución de anti-HBc en 10 estados con prevalencia mayor a la media nacional en la ENSA 2000. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Durante 2003 se analizó en el INSP anti-HBc en 19 907 muestras de suero, se determinaron factores sociodemográficos relacionados. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de anti-HBc fue mayor en hombres. Se asoció con la edad, residencia en áreas rurales, bajo nivel socioeconómico y analfabetismo. Se encontraron agrupamientos de alta prevalencia de anti-HBc en comunidades rurales en las cuales la prevalencia de anti-HBc en adultos está entre 3 y 20 veces por arriba de la media nacional. CONCLUSIONES: Contrastando con la baja endemicidad del VHB en México, su distribución es heterogénea. En varios estados se hallaron localidades rurales con muy alta prevalencia de anti-HBc. Las encuestas de salud permiten identificar comunidades donde la hepatitis B es hiperendémica y en las cuales se requiere enfocar la investigación y tomar medidas de control.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Biomarkers , Cluster Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational Status , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Sampling Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Social Class
7.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(supl.1): S32-S36, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597121

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de hepatitis B, C, y VIH en una muestra ampliada de dos de las comunidades rurales en las que se registró la mayor prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-core del virus de la hepatitis (anti-HBc) en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000 (ENSA 2000). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal en las comunidades de La Calera y Cuambio, dos poblaciones rurales adyacentes del municipio de Zirándaro, Guerrero, seleccionadas por mostrar muy alta prevalencia de anti-HBc en la ENSA 2000. Se determinó la prevalencia de marcadores séricos de hepatitis B y C, y VIH, así como factores sociodemográficos asociados entre los habitantes mayores de 10 años. RESULTADOS: Se confirmó una muy alta prevalencia de marcadores de hepatitis B, asociada con la edad, baja escolaridad y relaciones con trabajadoras sexuales en Estados Unidos, mientras que la prevalencia de hepatitis C fue baja y no se detectó ningún caso de VIH. CONCLUSIONES: Existen en México comunidades rurales con alta endemicidad de hepatitis B, en las cuales es conveniente profundizar la investigación de determinantes de la transmisión de este virus. Estas comunidades son identificadas con certeza por las encuestas nacionales de salud.


OBJECTIVE: To perform a hepatitis B, C, and HIV survey in an enhanced sample from two rural communities with the highest anti-HBc prevalence found in ENSA 2000. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study.We studied the communities of La Calera and Cuambio, two adjacent rural towns of the district of Zirándaro, Guerrero, targeted because of the high prevalence of anti-HBc shown in ENSA 2000.We assessed the prevalence of hepatitis B and C, and HIV serological markers and associated factors among inhabitants older than 10 years. RESULTS: A very high prevalence of hepatitis B markers associated with socioeconomic factors was confirmed, while hepatitis C prevalence was low and HIV absent in the two communities addressed. CONCLUSIONS: National serosurveys are an accurate tool for identifying communities with hepatitis B high endemicity where focused research and control measures are needed.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , HIV-1 , HIV Antibodies/blood , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Health Surveys , Mexico/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Socioeconomic Factors
8.
Gac Med Mex ; 146(2): 98-102, 2010.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20626123

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the factors associated with the presence of antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and to screen for HSV-1 in genital samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Students answered a survey and provided biological samples (blood and genital discharge). The detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against HSV-1 was performed by an ELISA test. From IgM positive samples we sought and extracted genital DNA and identified a beta-globulin gene and HSV-1. RESULTS: Eight hundred and fifteen students participated. IgG/HSV-1 seroprevalence was 56.7%, HSV-1 infection was associated with number of sexual partners, exchanging sex for money, same sex relationships and occasional partners. IgM/HSV-1 seroprevalence was 18.2%, 91 samples were positive for human beta-globuline but none for HSV-1 DNA. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological evidence suggests that HSV-1 could be transmitted by sexual contact among college students; however, HSV-1 was not detected in any of the genital samples analyzed. To further test our hypothesis we need to study HSV-1 among high risk groups or increase our sample size.


Subject(s)
Herpes Simplex/transmission , Herpesvirus 1, Human , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/transmission , Students , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Universities , Young Adult
9.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 146(2): 98-102, mar.-abr. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-566768

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estudiar los factores asociados a la presencia de anticuerpos contra el virus del herpes simplex tipo 1 (HSV-1), así como identificar éste en muestras genitales. Métodos: Los estudiantes universitarios contestaron un cuestionario y proporcionaron muestras biológicas (sangre y exudado genital). La detección de anticuerpos clase IgG e IgM contra HSV-1 se realizó mediante ELISA. A partir de las muestras positivas a IgM se buscó su muestra genital, se extrajo ADN y se identificaron betaglobina humana así como HSV-1. Resultados: Participaron 815 estudiantes, la seroprevalencia de IgG-HSV-1 fue de 56.7 %; la infección se asoció con el número de parejas sexuales, intercambiar sexo por dinero, relaciones con personas del mismo sexo y parejas ocasionales. La seroprevalencia de IgM-HSV-1 fue de 18.2 %; a partir de estas muestras se buscó infección genital por HSV-1; 91 muestras fueron positivas a betaglobina pero en ninguna se detectó HSV-1. Conclusiones: Los datos epidemiológicos sugieren que el HSV-1 puede ser una infección de transmisión sexual en la población universitaria analizada, sin embargo, en ninguno de los individuos se corroboró presencia genital del HSV-1. Es necesario estudiar esta infección en otras poblaciones susceptibles o incrementar el tamaño de la muestra.


OBJECTIVE: To study the factors associated with the presence of antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and to screen for HSV-1 in genital samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Students answered a survey and provided biological samples (blood and genital discharge). The detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against HSV-1 was performed by an ELISA test. From IgM positive samples we sought and extracted genital DNA and identified a beta-globulin gene and HSV-1. RESULTS: Eight hundred and fifteen students participated. IgG/HSV-1 seroprevalence was 56.7%, HSV-1 infection was associated with number of sexual partners, exchanging sex for money, same sex relationships and occasional partners. IgM/HSV-1 seroprevalence was 18.2%, 91 samples were positive for human beta-globuline but none for HSV-1 DNA. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological evidence suggests that HSV-1 could be transmitted by sexual contact among college students; however, HSV-1 was not detected in any of the genital samples analyzed. To further test our hypothesis we need to study HSV-1 among high risk groups or increase our sample size.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/transmission , Herpesvirus 1, Human , Herpes Simplex/transmission , Students , Universities , Young Adult
10.
World J Gastroenterol ; 12(40): 6540-5, 2006 Oct 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17072988

ABSTRACT

AIM: To determine the genotypes in Mexican hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolates and characterize their precore and core promoter mutations. METHODS: Forty-nine HBV isolates of Mexico obtained from sera of 15 hepatitis patients, 6 hemodialysis patients, 20 men seeking HIV testing, and 8 AIDS patients were analyzed. HBV isolates were amplified by PCR, and genotyped by line probe assay (INNO-LiPA HBV Genotyping; INNOGENETICS N V, Ghent, Belgium). HBV genotype confirmation was performed by DNA sequencing part of the sAg region. Precore and core promoter mutation characterization was performed by line probe assay (INNO-LiPA HBV PreCore; INNOGENETICS N V, Ghent, Belgium). RESULTS: Overall, HBV genotype H was found in 37 (75.5%) out of the 49 isolates studied. HBV genotypes G, A, and D were found in 5 (10.2%), 4 (8.2%), and 3 (6.1%) isolates, respectively. HBV genotype H was predominant in isolates from hemodialysis patients (100%), hepatitis patients (80%), and men seeking HIV testing (75%), and accounted for half of infections in AIDS patients (50%). Six (12.2%) out of the 49 HBV isolates showed both wild type and mutant populations at precore codon 28. These mixed wild type and precore mutant populations were observed in one HBV genotype A isolate and in all HBV genotype G isolates. A dual variant core promoter mutation was observed in 1 (2%) of the isolates, which was genotype H. CONCLUSION: HBV genotype H is highly predominant in HBV isolates of Mexico followed by genotypes G, A and D. A low frequency of precore and core promoter mutations is observed in HBV Mexican isolates.


Subject(s)
DNA, Viral/genetics , Hepatitis B virus/genetics , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/genetics , Genotype , Hepatitis B/ethnology , Hepatitis B virus/classification , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Mutation/genetics , Prevalence , Viral Core Proteins/genetics
11.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 57(2): 221-3, 2006 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16373428

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Drug resistance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an increasing clinical problem. Resistance to lamivudine in HBV isolates in Mexico has been poorly explored. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the mutation patterns associated with genotypic resistance to lamivudine and their prevalence among HBV isolates in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-nine Mexican HBV isolates were analysed by PCR and line probe assay for detection of genetic variants in the polymerase open reading frame domains B and C (INNO-LiPA HBV DR; INNOGENETICS N. V., Ghent, Belgium). This assay detects wild-type and mutations at codons 180, 204 and 207 of the HBV polymerase gene, and at codon positions 171, 172, 195, 196, 198 and 199 of the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). HBV isolates were obtained from HBsAg-positive serum samples of 15 chronic hepatitis patients, two haemodialysis patients with chronic HBV carriage, 20 men found positive for HBsAg when seeking HIV testing and two AIDS patients with chronic HBV infection. None of the participants had received antiviral therapy. RESULTS: Overall, HBV wild-type was found in 37 (94.9%) out of the 39 isolates studied. Two (5.1%) out of the 39 isolates showed mixed wild-type and mutant populations. These mutations occurred in isolates from one hepatitis patient and one haemodialysis patient. The isolate from the hepatitis patient showed a double mutation at codon positions 180 (L180M) and 204 (M204V), thus a 2.6% prevalence of genotypic resistance to lamivudine was found. The isolate from the haemodialysis patient showed a single mutation at codon position 180 (L180M). The two HBV mutant isolates were further analysed for genotype and both isolates were genotype H. CONCLUSIONS: HBV genotypic resistance to lamivudine exists in Mexican isolates. The results highlight the importance of testing for HBV resistance before treatment and have implications for a more rational use of drugs.


Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics , Hepatitis B virus/drug effects , Hepatitis B/virology , Lamivudine/pharmacology , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Codon/genetics , DNA, Viral/biosynthesis , DNA, Viral/genetics , Gene Amplification , Genotype , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology , Humans , Mexico/epidemiology
12.
Rev Invest Clin ; 57(4): 548-54, 2005.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16315639

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the utility and validity of pooling urine samples for molecular diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of 1,220 urine samples collected from Mexican female and male adolescents, 305 pools were composed of fourth individual samples each, based on a calculation of optimal pool size. These were processed by ligase chain reaction (LCR) for the detection of C. trachomatis. Positive and gray-zone pools were reanalyzed individually. Cost savings were calculated comparing actual costs of testing to the cost that would have been incurred testing all 1,220 samples individually. RESULTS: Pools results were: 56 positive, 19 gray-zones and 230 negative. Following individual retesting of positive and gray-zone pools, 59 cases of C. trachomatis infection were identified (4.8% prevalence). Thus, a total of 601 LCR tests were performed, for a 50.4% savings considering only the direct cost of the test. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience shows that sample pooling is both a reliable and convenient tool for CT surveillance in our setting. It should be considered in other similar settings where limited resources constraint surveillance of STIs.


Subject(s)
Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification , DNA, Bacterial/urine , Ligase Chain Reaction , Specimen Handling/methods , Urine/microbiology , Adolescent , Adult , Chlamydia Infections/epidemiology , Chlamydia Infections/microbiology , Chlamydia Infections/urine , Cost Savings , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Costs and Cost Analysis , Female , Humans , Ligase Chain Reaction/economics , Ligase Chain Reaction/methods , Male , Mass Screening/economics , Mass Screening/methods , Mexico/epidemiology , Population Surveillance/methods , Prevalence , Specimen Handling/economics
13.
Rev. invest. clín ; 57(4): 548-554, jul.-ago. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-632428

ABSTRACT

Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility and validity of pooling urine samples for molecular diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Material and methods. Of 1,220 urine samples collected from Mexican female and male adolescents, 305 pools were composed of fourth individual samples each, based on a calculation of optimal pool size. These were processed by ligase chain reaction (LCR) for the detection of C. trachomatis. Positive and gray-zone pools were reanalyzed individually. Cost savings were calculated comparing actual costs of testing to the cost that would have been incurred testing all 1,220 samples individually. Results.Pools results were: 56 positive, 19 gray-zones and 230 negative. Following individual retesting of positive and gray-zone pools, 59 cases of C. trachomatis infection were identified (4.8% prevalence). Thus, a total of 601 LCR tests were performed, for a 50.4% savings considering only the direct cost of the test. Conclusions.Our experience shows that sample pooling is both a reliable and convenient tool for CT surveillance in our setting. It should be considered in other similar settings where limited resources constraint surveillance of STIs.


Objetivo. Evaluar la validez y conveniencia de la estrategia de la mezcla de muestras de orinas para el diagnóstico molecular de Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). Material y métodos. A partir de 1,220 muestras de orina recolectadas de jóvenes de uno y otro sexos, se conformaron 305 mezclas con cuatro alícuotas de muestras individuales, previo cálculo del tamaño óptimo de la mezcla. A continuación se determinó la presencia de ácidos nucleicos de clamidia en esas mezclas, mediante el método de reacción en cadena de la ligasa. Las mezclas positivas o en zona gris fueron reanalizadas de manera individual (cuatro pruebas adicionales). El número final de pruebas realizadas se comparó con el total de pruebas que se habrían efectuado individualmente. Resultados. Del total de mezclas analizadas, 230 resultaron negativas, 56 fueron positivas y 19 más se ubicaron en zona gris. Una vez reanalizadas de manera individual las mezclas positivas y las de zona gris, se obtuvieron 59 muestras de orina positivas a clamidia (prevalencia de 4.81%). De esta manera, el número total de pruebas efectuadas fue de 605 en contraste con las 1,220 que tendrían que haberse hecho si se hubieran procesado las muestras individualmente, es decir, que se logró un ahorro de 50.5% del costo directo del reactivo de diagnóstico. Conclusiones. La metodología aplicada mostró ser tanto confiable como conveniente en el entorno mexicano para llevar a cabo vigilancia epidemiológica de la infección por CT. Dado lo anterior, esta metodología podría ser considerada en otros entornos en los que la falta de recursos limita la vigilancia de las infecciones de transmisión sexual.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification , DNA, Bacterial/urine , Ligase Chain Reaction , Specimen Handling/methods , Urine/microbiology , Cost Savings , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Costs and Cost Analysis , Chlamydia Infections/epidemiology , Chlamydia Infections/microbiology , Chlamydia Infections/urine , Ligase Chain Reaction/economics , Ligase Chain Reaction/methods , Mass Screening/economics , Mass Screening/methods , Mexico/epidemiology , Prevalence , Population Surveillance/methods , Specimen Handling/economics
15.
Infectología ; 8(3): 127-30, 132-4, 136, mar. 1988. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-60951

ABSTRACT

Se compararon tres técnicas inmunoserológicas para el diagnóstico de toxoplasmosis en 527 muestras de suero humano. Se consideró a la prueba del colorante de Sabin-Deldman (DT) como referencia en contra de las pruebas de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) y de imunoensayo enzimático (ELISA). El control de la metodología fue rígido y los tres ensayos estandarizado los puntos de corte para definir con precisión sueros positivos o negativos se encontró una correlación mayor al 90% con las tres pruebas. Los resultados obtenidos apoyan la semejanza en la sensibilidad, especificidad y reproducibilidad de los resultados con cualquiera de las pruebas. ELISA debido a sus características, muestra tendencia a distinguir más falsos positivos, por el contrario la IFI reconoce mayor número de falsos negativos. La valoración de cada una de las pruebas permite una mejor utilización. La IFI tiene como paricularidad el poder practicarse en especímes individuales, lo cual evita el manejar toxoplasmas vivos. ELISA aún no está suficientemente estandarizada para ser considerada como una prueba rutinaria para el diagnósitico


Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , In Vitro Techniques , Serologic Tests , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Mexico
16.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 45(1): 42-6, ene. 1988. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-48082

ABSTRACT

La atención de las infecciones intrahospitalarias requiere de una labor multidisciplinaria para que en adición al manejo apropiado de los antimicrobianos el laboratorio, los clínicos y el equipo epidemiológico se dediquen a prevenir y a tratar los casos que se presenten, en base a la experiencia adquirida a través de un programa contínuo de trabajo. Efectivamente, un hospital de gineco-obstetricia no debe convertirse en un hospital de infectología o la UCIN en sala de pacientes contagiosos; sin embargo, una solución tan simplista como es la rotación de antimicrobianos y restricción de algunos de amplio espectro no es correcta, requiriendo de un análisis profundo y científico de las variables y situación local


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
17.
Salud pública Méx ; 29(6): 464-469, nov.-dic. 1987. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-61196

ABSTRACT

Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron la comparación de un medio de cultivo selectivo y otro enriquecido para el aislamiento de N. gonorrhoeae en 128 pacientes con blenorragia y el reconocimiento de cepas inhibidas por la vancomicina en esa población. El grupo estuvo comprendido por 35 mujeres y 93 hombres a quienes se les practicó cultivo de secreción endocervical y uretral, respectivamente. Las muestras fueron inoculadas por duplicado simultáneamente en el medio de Thayer-Martin (MTM) y en el medio de gelosa chocolate (GCH), para depués procesarse de acuerdo con los patrones establecidos para la identificación de N. gonorrhoeae. A quellas cepas que sólo crecieron en GCH al primoiaislamiento, e igualmente en una resiembra posterior en donde se incluyeron ambos medios, se consideraron sensibles a la vancomicina. Las cepas que crecieron en el MTM tuvieron una CMI a la vancomicina igual o menor al 1 mcg/ml. De la comparación total de los medios de cultivo empleados, se obtuvo una diferencia significativa (p<0.02) que favoreció al medio selectivo; sin embargo, al evaluar tal ventaja de acuerdo al sexo de los pacientes, ya no se denotó valor estadístico. En cuanto a la frecuencia de cepas de gonococo sensibles a la vancomicina se hallaron 128 inhibidas por el MTM (11,7%), parámetro que se juzgó lo suficientemente importante como para recomendar el uso de ambos medios de cultivo, sobre todo cuando se trata de documentar la presencia de N. gonorrhoeae en poblaciones de talo riesgo o en aquellas que asisten a las clínicas de enfermedades venéreas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vancomycin/therapeutic use , Gonorrhea/drug therapy , Culture Media , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Mexico
18.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 44(6): 344-8, jun. 1987. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-46898

ABSTRACT

El estreptococo beta hemolítico del grupo B requiere de una identificación simple, oportuna y confiable que coadyuve a la atención médica de los pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue practicar la prueba rápida de CAMP en gota para la identificación presuntiva del microorganismo y compararla con el CAMP tradicional, así como con las pruebas específicas de coaglutinación y aglutinación en látex. De las cepas bacterianas beta hemolíticas, obtenidas de diversas fuentes: 26 fueron de estreptococco B, ocho de estreptococco A, cuatro de estreptococo D, dos de estreptococo C y nueve de L. monocytogenes. La concordancia entre las pruebas de CAMP fue absoluta para las cepas que dieron un resultado positivo (26 estreptococos B y nueve listerias). Las 14 cepas restantes con CAMP negativo pertenecieron a los otros estreptocóccicos señalados. Al valorar esta informacicón exclusivamente para el estreptococo B, en relación a las pruebas de identificación serológica (definitivas), la especificidad y la sensibilidad del CAMP en gota fueron del 100% con valor predictivo positivo de 1. En conclusión, esta prueba rápida constituye una alternativa eficiente y económica, al alcance de cualquier laboratorio bacteriológico, para lograr la identificación de Streptococcus agalatie


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteriological Techniques , Streptococcus
20.
Salud pública Méx ; 29(3): 190-194, mayo-jun. 1987. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-62197

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio en 325 pacientes masculinos que acudieron con síntomas de uretritis al Centro de Salud "Dr. Manuel Domíngues" de la Secretaría de Salud entre mayo de 1985 y marzo de 1986; se diagnosticó gonorrea en 123 de ellos (37.8% del total). Con las pruebas bioquímicas practicadas a los aislamientos identificaron 122 cepas de Neisseria gonorrhoear y una de N. meningitidis. En este caso el cuadro clínico fue indistinguible del causado por los gonococos. Al examinar bajo el microscopio los frotis de secrección uretral teñidos por Gram, se encontró una sensibilidad de 96,7% y una especificidad de 97.5%, comparadas con los resultados del cultivo. En consecuencia, la probabilidad de gonorrea en presencia de un frotis positivo es mayor de 0.95, mientras que la probabilidad con un fortis negativo es menor de 0.02. Asimismo, en este trabajo se analizan las principales variables que influyen en una correcta observación microscópica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la utilidad del frotis de la secrección uretral teñida por Gram para el dignóstico de gonorrea en población masculina sintomática cuando se sigue una metodologia que permite un examen acucidoso por parte de un observador experimentado


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Gonorrhea/diagnosis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification , Urethra , Urethritis/etiology , Gonorrhea/complications
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