ABSTRACT
In recent years, the functionalization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with different types of responsive pore gatekeepers have shown great potential for the formulation of drug delivery systems (DDS) with minimal premature leakage and site-specific controlled release. New nanotechnological approaches have been developed with the objective of utilizing natural biopolymers as smart materials in drug delivery applications. Natural biopolymers are sensitive to various physicochemical and biological stimuli and are endowed with intrinsic biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. Their use as biocompatible smart coatings has extensively been investigated in the last few years. This review summarizes the MSNs coating procedures with natural polysaccharides and protein-based biopolymers, focusing on their application as responsive materials to endogenous stimuli. Biopolymer-coated MSNs, which conjugate the nanocarrier features of mesoporous silica with the biocompatibility and controlled delivery provided by natural coatings, have shown promising therapeutic outcomes and the potential to emerge as valuable candidates for the selective treatment of various diseases.
ABSTRACT
This work describes the synthesis of the gold(i) complexes of phosphine sulphides. The formation of these new derivatives has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The coordination of gold(i) with the sulphur atom of the phosphine sulphides favors the inhibition of topoisomerase I as well as a high cytotoxicity of the gold(i)-complexed compounds against the cancer line A549 with IC50 values in the nanomolar range and IC50 values below 5 µM against the SKOV3 cell line. It should be noted that the cytotoxicities observed for the new gold(i) complexes are higher than those observed for phosphine sulphide ligands before binding to gold. Furthermore, the results also indicate that the presence of a nitrogenated heterocycle, such as tetrahydroquinoline or quinoline, is also necessary for the TopI inhibition to be maintained. In addition, no toxicity was observed when the non-cancerous lung fibroblast cell line (MRC5) was treated with the new phosphine sulphide gold(i) complexes prepared.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Coordination Complexes/pharmacology , DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/metabolism , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/pharmacology , A549 Cells , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Coordination Complexes/chemical synthesis , Coordination Complexes/chemistry , Crystallography, X-Ray , Density Functional Theory , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Gold/chemistry , Gold/pharmacology , Humans , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Phosphines/chemistry , Phosphines/pharmacology , Structure-Activity Relationship , Sulfides/chemistry , Sulfides/pharmacology , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/chemistryABSTRACT
Crystallographic and DFT examination of the metalloligands [AuAr(CNPy-4)] (Ar = C6F5 (1), C6F3Cl2-3,5 (2)) and their silver complexes [Ag[AuAr(CNPy-4)]2](BF4) (3 and 4) support that the marked luminescence red-shifts observed on moving from 1 to 2, from 1,2 to 3,4, or upon grinding, are not caused by electronic differences (either by changing the aryls C6F5/C6F3Cl2, or by N coordination to silver), nor by non-existent AuAg interactions. They are always due to structural changes disturbing stronger π-π stackings in order to allow for shorter AuAu interactions.
ABSTRACT
The well-known [RhL4]n(anion)n structures, with RhIRhI d8d8 interactions, are replaced by others with RhIAuI d8d10 interactions such as [{RhL4}{Au(CN)2}] (L = 2,6-xylylisocyanide) or [{RhL4}{Au(CN)2}{RhL4}{Au2(CN)3}·4(CHCl3)]∞ when the anion is [Au(CN)2]-. Orbital (RhAu), coulombic, and inter-unit π-π aryl stacking interactions stabilize these crystal structures.