[Application progress on data-driven technologies in intelligent manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine extraction].

The application of new-generation information technologies such as big data, the internet of things(IoT), and cloud computing in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)manufacturing industry is gradually deepening, driving the intelligent transformation and upgrading of the TCM industry. At the current stage, there are challenges in understanding the extraction process and its mechanisms in TCM. Online detection technology faces difficulties in making breakthroughs, and data throughout the entire production process is scattered, lacking valuable mining and utilization, which significantly hinders the intelligent upgrading of the TCM industry. Applying data-driven technologies in the process of TCM extraction can enhance the understanding of the extraction process, achieve precise control, and effectively improve the quality of TCM products. This article analyzed the technological bottlenecks in the production process of TCM extraction, summarized commonly used data-driven algorithms in the research and production control of extraction processes, and reviewed the progress in the application of data-driven technologies in the following five aspects: mechanism analysis of the extraction process, process development and optimization, online detection, process control, and production management. This article is expected to provide references for optimizing the extraction process and intelligent production of TCM.

[Effect of cisplatin on the expression of Pokemon gene: experiment with different human lung cancer cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between Pokemon gene and cisplatin mechanism. METHODS: Human lung adenocarcinoma cells of the lines A549 and AGZY83-a, human lung squamous carcinoma cells of the line HE-99, and human giant cell lung cancer cells of the line 95D were cultured and cisplatin was added into the medium. Other lung cancer cells of the above mentioned lines were cultured in the medium without cisplatin and were used as control groups. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Pokemon. RESULTS: Pokemon mRNA and protein were expressed highly in all the 4 cell lines. The Pokemon gene expression did not changed significantly after cisplatin treatment groups. There were not significant differences in the mRNA and protein expression of Pokemon among the 4 experiment groups and the control groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cisplatin has no effect on the Pokemon gene expression of the human lung cancer cells.

[Suppression of RASSF1A gene on human esophageal carcinoma cells: experiments in vitro and in vivo].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) gene, a new tumor suppressor gene (TSG), on tumorigenesis of human esophageal carcinoma cells. METHODS: pcDNA3.1 (+)-RASSF1A, a plasmid containing RASSF1A gene, and the blank plasmid pcDNA3.1 (+) were transfected into human esophageal carcinoma cells of the line EC9706. The expression of RASSF 1A protein was examined by Western blotting. The changes of cell cycle of stably-transfected cells were determined by flow cytometry (FCM), and the cellular proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay. Fifteen nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups to be inoculated subcutaneously with EC9706 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 (+)-RASSF1A, EC9706 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 (+), and untransfected EC9706 cells respectively. Other 5 nude mice were used as controls. Four weeks later, the mice were killed to take out the carcinoma tissues. FCM was used to analyze the cell cycle. RESULTS: Western blotting showed that RASSF1A protein was expressed highly in the stably transfected cells. The cell viability and growing speed were decreased obviously in the cells expressing of RASSF1A (both P < 0.01); FCM showed that the proportion of cells at the G(1) phase of the EC9706 cells expressing RASSF1A was significantly higher than those in the blank plasmid group and untransfected group (both P < 0.01). The size of the EC9706 cells obtained from the nude mice inoculated with the EC9706 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1 (+)-RASSF1A was significantly smaller than those of the pcDNA3.1 (+) group and blank plasmid group (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Expression of exogenous RASSF1A inhibits the progression of human esophageal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. As a tumor suppressor gene, it plays an important role in origination, progression and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma.

[Hypermethylation of promoter region of RAS association domain family gene1A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and significance thereof].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypermethylation of the promoter region of RAS association domain family gene1A (RASSF1A) and its relationship with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Sixty-six patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma, 60 males and 6 females, aged 59 +/- 8 (44 - 76), underwent resection of the tumor. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to detect the hypermethylation of promoter region of RASSF1A in the carcinoma tissues and the adjacent normal tissues. RESULTS: The hypermethylation rate of RASSF1A promoter in the tumor tissues was 48. 5% (32/66), significantly higher than that in the adjacent normal tissues (6.1%, 4/66, P < 0.05). The hypermethylation rate of RASSF1A promoter of the patients with lymph node metastasis was 61.1%, significantly higher than that of the patients without lymph node metastasis (33.3%, chi(2) = 5.055, P = 0.025). The hypermethylation rate of RASSF1A promoter in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at advanced stages (stages III - IV) was 69.2%, significantly higher than that in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at early stages (stages I - II, 35.0%, chi(2) = 7.392, P = 0.007). The hypermethylation rates of RASSF1A promoter in the high, moderate, and low differentiation tumors were 61.5% (16/26), 46.2% (12/26), and 28.6% (4/14) respectively without significant differences among them (chi(2) = 4.053, P = 0.132). CONCLUSION: Abnormal methylation exists in the RASSF1A promoter in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The hypermethylation of RASSF1A promoter is related to lymph node metastasis and TNM stage.

Bone diseases in rabbits with hyperparathyroidism: computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology.

BACKGROUND: Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) occurs at an early age and has a high disability rate. Unfortunately, confirmed diagnosis in most patients is done at a very late stage, when the patients have shown typical symptoms and signs, and when treatment does not produce any desirable effect. It has become urgent to find a method that would detect early bone diseases in HPT to obtain time for the ideal treatment. This study evaluated the accuracy of high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with spiral computed tomography (SCT) scan in detecting early bone diseases in HPT, through imaging techniques and histopathological examinations on an animal model of HPT. METHODS: Eighty adult rabbits were randomly divided into two groups with forty in each. The control group was fed normal diet (Ca:P = 1:0.7); the experimental group was fed high phosphate diet (Ca:P = 1:7) for 3, 4, 5, or 6-month intervals to establish the animal model of HPT. The staging and imaging findings of the early bone diseases in HPT were determined by high field MRI and SCT scan at the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th month. Each rabbit was sacrificed after high field MRI and SCT scan, and the parathyroid and bones were removed for pathological examination to evaluate the accuracy of imaging diagnosis. RESULTS: Parathyroid histopathological studies revealed hyperplasia, osteoporosis and early cortical bone resorption. The bone diseases in HPT displayed different levels of low signal intensity on T(1)WI and low to intermediate signal intensity on T(2)WI in bone of stage 0, I, II or III, but showed correspondingly absent, probable, osteoporotic and subperiosteal cortical resorption on SCT scan. CONCLUSION: High field MRI combined with SCT scan not only detects early bone diseases in HPT, but also indicates staging, and might be a reliable method of studying early bone diseases in HPT.

[mRNA expression of RASSF1A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and clinical significance thereof].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mRNA expression of the new tumor suppressor gene, RASSF1A, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its biological value. METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of RASSF1A in the tumor tissues, tissues near tumor, and normal tissues, all obtained during operation, from 66 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. RESULTS: The deletion rates of RASSF1A mRNA expression were 42.4% (28/66), 15.2% (10/66), and 0 in the tumor tissues, tissues near tumor, and normal tissues respectively. The deletion rates of RASSF1A mRNA expression in patients with lymph node metastasis was 61.1%, significantly higher than that of the patients without lymph node metastasis (20.0%, chi(2) = 11.323, P < 0.01); The deletion rates of RASSF1A mRNA expression in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at the advanced stages (stages III - IV) was 61.5%, significantly higher than that in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at the early stages (stages I - II, 30.0%, chi(2) = 6.417, P < 0.01). The deletion rages of RASSF1A mRNA in the highly, moderately, and lowly differentiation tumors were 38.5% (10/26), 38.5% (10/26), and 57.1% (8/14) respectively, However, there was no significant association between the differentiation degree of tumor and the grade the deletion rages of RASSF1A mRNA (chi(2) = 1.576, P = 0.455). CONCLUSION: The deletion of the mRNA expression of RASSF1A, a tumor suppressor gene, may play an important role in the tumorigenesis and influences the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.