Imaging characteristics of posterior interosseous nerve syndrome.

Posterior interosseous nerve syndrome (PINs) is a rare nerve compression syndrome that affects the deep branch of the radial nerve in the supinator muscle region. In this article, we aimed to report a case of a 58-year-old male who had clinical symptoms, electromyographic, ultrasound, and MRI features suggestive of PINs due to compressing the arcade of Frohse. He subsequently underwent surgical correlation at our hospital, and the clinical symptoms were improved significantly.

Effects of fenobucarb based-Excel Basa 50EC on brain cholinesterase of juvenile snakehead fish (Channa striata) in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta's rice fields.

Fenobucarb is one of most common insecticides applied to rice crops in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Paddy fields are preferred habitats for snakehead fish (Channa striata). Therefore, the probability of exposure risks and growth effects is highly. This paper aimed to examine the effects of using fenobucarb based - Excel Basa 50EC on the brain cholinesterase (ChE) of snakehead fish. Two rice fields, in which a single dose of Excel Basa 50EC was applied to one field, whilst the other acted as a control. Each field was subdivided into three plots by earthen dikes. In each plot, one fish cage (1.2 m x 1.2 m x 1.2 m) was installed that was stocked with 20 snakehead fish. The Excel Basa 50EC was applied once at the indication dose. The results highlighted that the concentration of fenobucarb in water at 1 hr after application was 116.72 ppb ± 12.64, which decreased to 23.96 ± 6.61 ppb after d and then to below detection limits (0.02 ppb). For fish living in this field, no mortality was seen, but ChE was significantly inhibited for 31 % on the first day and recovery following 7 days of exposure. Residues of fenobucarb in soil and fish should also be investigated furthermore.

Effectiveness of bone suppression imaging in the diagnosis of tuberculosis from chest radiographs in Vietnam: An observer study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of bone suppression imaging (BSI) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis from chest radiographs (CXRs) in Vietnam. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 97 images (50 tuberculosis and 47 normal) comprised the dataset for this observer study with unanimous consensus of a panel of 3 expert radiologists. The participants were 9 Vietnamese radiologists (6 chest radiologists and 3 non-chest radiologists). Participants recorded their confidence levels regarding the presence of tuberculosis after reading a standard chest radiograph directly first and then after BSI processing. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate participant performance. In addition, the change in participants' decision regarding the presence or absence of tuberculosis after BSI processing was recorded for each patient. Improvements in sensitivity and specificity were calculated. RESULTS: The average AUC for non-chest radiologists improved from 0.882 without BSI to 0.933 with BSI (P = 0.048). In addition, BSI improved sensitivity by 10.0% whereas specificity decreased by 2.8% among non-chest radiologists. CONCLUSION: Using BSI improved the accuracy of tuberculosis diagnosis from CXRs, particularly by non-chest radiologists.

Effects of Sequential Applications of Bassa 50EC (Fenobucarb) and Vitashield 40EC (Chlorpyrifos ethyl) on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus) Cultured in Rice Fields in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

This study assesses the effects of sequential applications of the insecticides Bassa 50EC (fenobucarb-F) and Vitashield 40EC (chlorpyrifos ethyl-CPF), sprayed at concentrations used by rice farmers in the Mekong Delta, on the brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in climbing perch fingerlings. After spraying the pesticides on the rice fields, the water concentrations of both insecticides decreased below the detection levels within 3 days. The sequential applications caused significant inhibition on the brain AChE activity in the exposed fish. The inhibition by F was quicker, but less prolonged, than for CPF. The inhibition levels caused by the sequential applications were lower than those caused by only CPF and by a mixture of CPF and F. The results indicate that sequential applications of pesticides could have a negative impact on aquatic organisms and fish yields, with implication for the aquatic biodiversity, local people's livelihood and the aquaculture industry in the Mekong Delta.

Effects of repeated exposure of diazinon on cholinesterase activity and growth in snakehead fish (Channa striata).

The organophosphate insecticide diazinon is widely used in the Mekong river delta and often applied several times per rice crop. In the present study, juvenile snakehead fish Channa striata, which is a commercially important inhabitant of rice fields, were exposed twice to 4-day pulses of 0.016, 0.079 or 0.35mg/L of diazinon, separated by a 2 week interval to imitate the exposure conditions in the field. After the 4-day exposures to these environmentally realistic concentrations, the fish were moved to clean water for recovery. During this experiment, which lasted a total of 2 months, the individual growth rates and brain cholinesterase levels were measured. We show not only that diazinon caused long term inhibition of brain ChE activity, which was still significantly depressed at the termination of the experiment, but also that the highest of these realistic concentrations caused a significant 30% growth inhibition.