The application of MOOC combined with peer mutual assistance in cardiopulmonary resuscitation teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of massive open online course (MOOC) combined with peer mutual assistance in cardiopulmonary resuscitation teaching.Methods:A total of 140 students in the same class of Batch 2015 were divided into the experimental group and the control group. In the teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the experimental group was based on the MOOC teaching platform, watched videos and topic tests before class, and used the peer mutual assistance in class. While the control group adopted traditional classroom teaching mode. The teaching effect of the two groups were evaluated by comparing the operation assessment scores and questionnaire survey of students' satisfaction with teaching. SPSS 22.0 was used for t-test and Chi-square test. Results:The operating assessment score of the experimental group was (82.20±2.31), and the operating assessment score of the control group was (75.80±1.72). The difference was statistically significant ( t=3.27, P<0.05). The questionnaire survey showed that the course satisfaction and learning motivation of the experimental group were better than those of the control group. In learning burden, the two groups had similar results ( P=0.739). Conclusion:MOOC combined with peer mutual assistance in cardiopulmonary resuscitation teaching can help students better master skills, improve students' course satisfaction and learning motivation, without increasing their learning burden.

Modeling and Performance Analysis of a Fault-Tolerant 3D Photonic Network-on-Chip Based on Hybrid Photonics-Plasmonics.

The performance of electro-optic modulators and optical routers and their routing algorithms are the key factors affecting the performance of networks on optical chips. This paper improves the mesh 3-dimensional photonic network-on-chip (3D-PNoC) topology. An SPP hybrid silicon-based electro-optic modulator and an improved fault-tolerant SPP router are used to improve the performance of the network on an optical chip. SPP switching and SPP MRR are combined to form a fault-tolerant SPP router. On this basis, an improved genetic optimization routing algorithm is implemented on the improved mesh 3D PNoC topology, which completes the data exchange of the IP core of the network on the optical chip. Compared with the case of traditional optoelectronic devices, the performance of on-chip optical networks can be improved effectively. The simulation results show that upon the application of the improved genetic optimization routing algorithm to the improved mesh 3D PNoC topology, the average end-to-end delay is reduced by 32.9%, the throughput rate is increased by 28.5%, and the system power consumption is reduced by 27.6%. On the other hand, the average insertion loss and noise of optical routers are increased by 2.94 dB and 2.95 dB, respectively.

Gut-Brain Axis: Possible Role of Gut Microbiota in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders.

Aging is becoming a severe social phenomenon globally, and the improvements in health care and increased health awareness among the elderly have led to a dramatic increase in the number of surgical procedures. Because of the degenerative changes in the brain structure and function in the elderly, the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is much higher in elderly patients than in young people following anesthesia/surgery. PND is attracting more and more attention, though the exact mechanisms remain unknown. A growing body of evidence has shown that the gut microbiota is likely involved. Recent studies have indicated that the gut microbiota may affect postoperative cognitive function via the gut-brain axis. Nonetheless, understanding of the mechanistic associations between the gut microbiota and the brain during PND progression remains very limited. In this review, we begin by providing an overview of the latest progress concerning the gut-brain axis and PND, and then we summarize the influence of perioperative factors on the gut microbiota. Next, we review the literature on the relationship between gut microbiota and PND and discuss how gut microbiota affects cognitive function during the perioperative period. Finally, we explore effective early interventions for PND to provide new ideas for related clinical research.

FDG-PET/CT Radiomics Models for The Early Prediction of Locoregional Recurrence in Head and Neck Cancer.

PURPOSE: Both CT and PET radiomics is considered as a potential prognostic biomarker in head and neck cancer. This study investigates the value of fused pre-treatment functional imaging (18F-FDG PET/CT) radiomics for modeling of local recurrence of head and neck cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Firstly, 298 patients have been divided into a training set (n = 192) and verification set (n = 106). Secondly, PETs and CTs are fused based on wavelet transform. Thirdly, radiomics features are extracted from the 3D tumor area from PETCT fusion. The training set is used to select the features reduction and predict local recurrence, and the random forest prediction models combining radiomics and clinical variables are constructed. Finally, the ROC curve and KM analysis are used to evaluate the prediction efficiency of the model on the validation set. RESULTS: Two PET/CT fusion radiomics features and three clinic parameters are extracted to construct the radiomics model. AUC value in the verification set 0.70 is better than no fused sets 0.69. The accuracy of 0.66 is not the highest value (0.67). Either consistency index CI 0.70 (from 0.67 to 0.70) or the p-value 0.025 (from 0.03 to 0.025) get the best result in all four models. CONCLUSION: The radiomics model based on the fusion of PETCT is better than the model based on PET or CT alone in predicting local recurrence, the inclusion of clinical parameters may result in more accurate predictions, which has certain guiding significance for the development of personalized, precise treatment scheme.

Research progress of lipomics in liver diseases / 中国药理学通报

Liver disease is a kind of common and frequently occurring disease, which seriously threatens human life and health. The study of liver disease has become a hotspot and difficulty in the field of organic diseases. In recent years, scholars have found a close relation between liver disease and the metabolism of lipid compounds in body. Lipomics, an important branch of metabolomics, can evaluate liver diseases by analyzing the level of lipid changes in the body, find biomarkers of liver diseases, and study the possible mechanism of liver diseases. It plays an important role in the study of liver diseases. In order to provide reference for further study of liver diseases and their clinical treatment, the research methods of lipomics have been reviewed, and the application of lipomics in liver diseases summarized and analyzed based on different types of liver diseases in this paper.

Research Progress in Treatment of Chemical Liver Injury with Chinese Medicine Based on Metabolomics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Liver， as a critical organ of metabolism and detoxification， can be damaged by viral infection， drug abuse， and heavy drinking. Liver diseases pose a serious threat to people's health and life in China.At present， drug therapy has been primarily adopted clinically in the treatment of the liver injury.In-depth investigation of the mechanism of liver-protective drugs is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of clinical liver diseases.In recent years， with the development of the medical industry in China， an increasing number of studies have focused on the treatment of liver injury with Chinese medicine.Compared with western medicine， Chinese medicine is advantageous in few side effects and overall regulation， which plays a pivotal role in liver protection.However， its underlying mechanism in liver protection still needs to be further studied due to its complex compositions and diverse targets.Metabolomics， a new approach to studying the metabolic pathway of biological systems， provides integral and systematic views in the investigation of liver protection with Chinese medicine. By virtue of metabolomics， the mechanism of Chinese medicine in multi-target and multi-pathway liver protection can be analyzed comprehensively， and the corresponding biomarkers can also be screened out. The authors analyzed the studies of the treatment of chemical liver injury models induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCl4）， dimethylnitrosamine （DMN）， α-naphthyl isothiocyanate （ANIT）， and alcohol by Chinese medicinal compounds， single herbal medicines， and monomers of Chinese medicine based on metabolomics， and summarized the biomarkers and related metabolic pathways of Chinese medicine in the intervention of each type of liver injury， aiming at providing a reference for the further research and clinical application in the treatment of different types of liver injuries by Chinese medicine.

Is there a reliable brain morphological signature for migraine?

Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is a popular non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging technique to investigate brain gray matter (GM) differences between groups. Recently, two VBM studies in migraine have been published in The Journal of Headache and Pain. Reviewing the two and those previous published VBM studies, we found considerable variations of the results. Spatially diverse brain regions with decreased and increased GM alterations and null findings have been reported. It is interesting to know whether there is a reliable brain morphological signature for migraine. Coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) is increasingly used to quantitatively pool individual neuroimaging studies to identify consistent and reliable findings. Several CBMA have been conducted, however, their results were inconsistent. The algorithms for CBMA have evolved and more eligible VBM studies in migraine have been published. We therefore conducted an updated CBMA using the latest algorithms for CBMA, seed-based d mapping with permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI). The present CBMA of 32 VBM studies (41 datasets comprising 1252 patients and 1025 healthy controls) found no evidence of consistent GM alterations in migraine. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup meta-analyses, and meta-regression analyses revealed that the result was robust. This negative result indicates that there is no reliable brain morphological signature for migraine. VBM investigations in migraine remain a heterogeneous field. Many potential confounding factors, such as underpowered sample sizes, variations in demographic and clinical characteristics, and differences in MRI scanners, head coils, scanning parameters, preprocessing procedures, and statistical strategies may cause the inconsistences of the results. Future VBM studies are warranted to enroll well-characterized and homogeneous subtype samples with appropriate sample sizes, comprehensively assess comorbidities and medication status, and use well-validated and standardized imaging protocols and processing and analysis pipelines to produce robust and replicable results in migraine.

Research progress on hepatotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicine based on metabonomics / 中国中药杂志

With the continuous development of Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of diseases and health care. At the same time, the toxic and side effects of TCM have been gradually concerned. The liver, as an important place for drug metabolism, is a major target organ for drug toxicity. Clinical reports on liver injury caused by TCM are common, and the problem of liver toxicity of TCM has become an important reason to limit the internationalization of TCM. Metabono-mics is a newly booming subject to study the metabolic pathway of biological system. It shows integrity and systematicness in the study of hepatotoxicity of TCM, which provides a new technical method for finding the early biomarkers of liver injury of TCM and exploring the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of TCM. In this paper, the methods of metabonomics in the study of hepatotoxicity of TCM, as well as the research progress of hepatotoxicity monomer, extract and attenuation of hepatotoxic TCM based on metabonomics were reviewed in order to provide reference for the further study of hepatotoxicity of TCM.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and destruction of pancreatic β cells in type 1 diabetes / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from dysfunction of pancreatic islets β cells. Recent studies supported that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress takes an important role in pancreatic β cell excessive loss, resulting in T1D. Here, we aimed to review the relationship between ER stress and T1D. Additionally, we also reviewed the potential mechanisms underlying ER stress mediated T1D. Studies have shown that severe ER stress is directly involved in the pancreatic β cells destruction and pathogenesis of T1D. ER stress plays a key part in pancreatic β cells and T1D, which will help in developing new effective therapeutics for T1D.

The protective effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-d3 on hydrogen peroxide-induced min6 cell apoptosis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role and mechanism of VitD in protecting apoptosis of mouse islet (3 cell line MIN6 cells induced by H202. Methods MIN6 cells were treated with H202 after the pretreat-ment of VitD. The proliferation, morphological changes and apoptotic percentage of MIN6 cells were determined by CCK-8, Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining and flow cytometry respectively. The expressions of ap-optosis-related genes Bel-2, Bax, Caspase-3 and Cleaved caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. Results H202 inhibited proliferation and induced apop-tosis of MIN6 cells through up-regulation of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, down-regulation of Bcl-2, decrease of Bcl-2/Bax ratio,and increase of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 ratio. After pretreatment of VitD, MIN6 cell viability was restored by increasing Bcl-2 expression, decreasing Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression, increasing Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and decreasing cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 ratio. Conclusions VitD protects MIN6 against H202-induced apoptosis through decreasing pro-apoptotic gene Bax and cleaved caspase-3,and increasing anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 expression.

Description of two new species in long-horned crane fly subgenus Tipula (Sivatipula) (Diptera: Tipulidae) from China.

Two new species of subgenus Tipula (Sivatipula) Alexander, 1964, T. (S.) multidentata sp. nov. (southern China: Guizhou) and T. (S.) tergatruncata sp. nov. (southern China: Chongqing) are described and illustrated.

Metabonomics Study of Chronic Heart Failure by Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

In this study, the rapid resolution liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-QTOF/MS) was used to profile the metabolites of urine samples from chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and healthy controls to find the differential metabolites which could provide the scientific evidence to explain the pathogenesis of the disease and supply a better therapy plan.Urine samples from 15 CHF patients (age (62.27±3.14) years) and 15 healthy controls (age (65.41±4.63) years) were analyzed by RRLC-QTOF/MS.After processing the data, the multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis, PCA) was performed to find the potential biomarkers.Result showed that urine samples of CHF patients were successfully distinguished from those of healthy controls.Two significantly differentially expressed metabolites, uridine and alanyltryptophan, were found and identified as potential biomarkers.The result showed that the LC-MS based metabolomics approach had good performance to identify potential biomarkers, and the disorder of uracil metabolism and Tryptophan metabolism may play an important role in the mechanism of CHF.

[Aggregation Behavior of Collagen-Based Surfactant Molecules in Aqueous Solutions Based on Synchronization Fluorescence Spectrum Technology].

Due to the intrinsic fluorescence characteristic of tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe), synchronization fluorescence spectrum technology which adopted the constant wavelength difference (Δλ = 15 nm) was selected to investigate the effects of collagen-based surfactant (CBS) concentration, pH, NaCt concentration and temperature on the aggregation state of CBS molecules in aqueous solutions. Meanwhile, temperature-dependent two-dimensional (2D) synchronization fluorescence correlation analyses was used to investigate the variation order of Tyr and Phe residues in CBS molecules with the change of temperature. The results showed that the characteristic absorption peaks located at 261 and 282 nm were attributed to Phe and Tyr, respectively. With the increase of CBS concentration, the amount of Phe and Tyr residues increased gradually which resulted in the increase of aggregate degree of CBS molecules and then led to the increase of fluorescence intensity. When the pH value (pH 5.0) of CBS solutions was close to the isoelectric point of CBS, the aggregate degree of CBS molecules increased due to the increase of the hydrophobic interaction and the formation ability of hydrogen bond. Additionally, with the increase of NaCl concentration, the repulsion force for inter/intra-molecules of CBS decreased, which helped to improve the aggregation behavior of CBS molecules. However, with the increase of temperature, the aggregation state of CBS was changed to be monomolecular state, and then resulted in the decrease of the fluorescence intensity gradually due to the quenching, the denaturation and the decrease of hydrogen bond formation ability. Furthermore, temperature-dependent 2D synchronization fluorescence correlation spectroscopy demonstrated that at lower temperature (10-40 degrees C), the aggregate state of CBS changed to be loose state and then Phe residues located in the inside of the aggregate varied before Tyr residues; while in the heating process of 45-70 degrees C, the monomolecular state of CBS changed to be random coil conformation, the separation distance between Tyr residues increased and the hydrogen bond formation ability reduced strongly, which led to Tyr residues changed before Phe residues.

Research Progress in Theacrine / 中国药师

Theacrine is one kind of natural purine alkaloids, which mainly exists in an unusual Chinese tea known as Kucha. It shows various biological activities, such as anti-depression, sedative and hypnotic effects and anti-inflammatory and analgesic activi-ties. The study on theacrine dates back to a few decades ago. According to the references published in recent years, the resource, preparation, characterization and pharmacological effects of theacrine were reviewed, and its application prospect was also explored.

Lymph nodes distribution and metastatic pattern of ultra-low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the lymph nodes distribution and metastatic pattern of the ultra-low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 21 rectal cancer gross specimen after neoadjuvant therapy and 23 rectal cancer gross specimen without neoadjuvant therapy were investigated by whole mount section and tissue microarray techniques with CK20. All the patients were treated by abdominoperineal resection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 138 lymph nodes retrieved from the mesorectum in the neoadjuvant group including 39 metastatic lymph nodes and 12 micro-metastatic lymph nodes. Among these nodes, there were 7 rectal cancer cases with lymph nodes and 2 cases with micro-metastatic lymph nodes, and 6 cases had pathological complete remission. There were 415 lymph nodes retrieved from the mesorectum in the group without neoadjuvant therapy including 169 metastatic lymph nodes and 59 micro-metastatic lymph nodes. Among these nodes, there were 12 rectal cancer cases with lymph nodes and 4 cases with micro-metastatic lymph nodes. The proportions of metastatic lymph nodes in outer zone between the two groups were 21.5% and 29.0%, and those in pre-zone were 17.6% and 17.2% respectively. The ratio of metastatic lymph nodes in ischiorectal fossa between the two groups were 25.0% vs. 22.2% respectively. The rate of metastatic or micro-metastatic lymph nodes cases between the two groups were 4.8% vs. 13.0% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The lymph nodes distribution and metastatic pattern of the ultra-low rectal cancer are affected by neoadjuvant therapy. The proportions of the anal sphincter invasion and metastatic or micro-metastatic lymph nodes in ischiorectal fossa are lower after neoadjuvant therapy. Abdominoperineal resection as the standard treatment of the ultra-low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy should be re-evaluated.</p>

Bis(4-methyl-morpholin-4-ium) tetra-bromidozincate(II).

The title compound, (C(5)H(12)NO)(2)[ZnBr(4)], was synthesized by hydro-thermal reaction of ZnBr(2) with 4-methyl-morpholine in a HBr/distilled water solution. Each of the two independent cations exhibits a chair conformation; the anion deviates slightly from an tetrahedral configuration. The Zn-Br distances in the anion are in the range of 2.3996 (9)-2.4247 (9) Å. All of the amine H atoms are involved in bifurcated inter-molecular N-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, building up a trimer.

Bis(1-methyl-piperazine-1,4-diium) tetra-bromidocuprate(II).

The title compound, (C(5)H(14)N(2))[CuBr(4)], was synthesized by hydro-thermal reaction of CuBr(2) with 1-methyl-piperazine in an HBr/water solution. Both amine N atoms are protonated. The Cu-Br distances in the tetrahedral anion are in the range 2.3809 (11)-2.4131 (11) Å. In the crystal, moderately strong and weak inter-molecular N-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds link the anion and cation units into an infinite two-dimensional network parallel to the ab plane.

Bis(1-methyl-piperazine-1,4-diium) tetra-chloridocuprate(II).

The title compound, (C(5)H(14)N(2))[CuCl(4)], was synthesized by hydro-thermal reaction of CuCl(2) with 1-methyl-piperazine in an HCl/water solution. Both amine N atoms are protonated. The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. The Cu-Cl distances in the tetrahedral anion are in the range 2.2360 (7)-2.2732 (7) Å. In the crystal, moderately strong and weak inter-molecular N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds link the anion and cation units into an infinite two-dimensional network parallel to the ab plane.

(R)-2-Methyl-piperazine-1,4-diium diaqua-tetra-chloridoferrate(II).

In the title salt, (C(5)H(14)N(2))[FeCl(4)(H(2)O)(2)], the Fe(II) cation is coordinated by four Cl(-) anions and two water mol-ecules in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The piperazine ring adopts a normal chair conformation. Inter-molecular N-H⋯Cl, N-H⋯(Cl,Cl) and O-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure.

(±)-2-Methyl-piperazin-1-ium perchlorate.

In the title compound, C(5)H(13)N(2) (+)·ClO(4) (-), the monoprotonated piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal structure, cations and anions are linked by inter-molecular N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into layers parallel to (01).