ABSTRACT
In the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, hospitals are often stretched beyond capacity. There are widespread reports of dwindling supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE), particularly N95-type filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), which are paramount to protect frontline medical/nursing staff, and to minimize further spread of the virus. We carried out a rapid review to summarize the existing literature on the viability of SARS-CoV-2, the efficacy of key potential disinfection procedures against the virus (specifically ultraviolet light and heat), and the impact of these procedures on FFR performance, material integrity, and/or fit. In light of the recent discovery of SARS-CoV-2 and limited associated research, our review also focused on the closely related SARS-CoV-1. We propose a possible whole-of-PPE disinfection solution for potential reuse that could be rapidly instituted in many health care settings, without significant investments in equipment.
Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus/drug effects , Disinfection , Equipment Reuse , Personal Protective Equipment , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/drug effects , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections , Humans , Masks , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , Respiratory Protective Devices , SARS-CoV-2 , Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeABSTRACT
Pediatric systemic allergic contact dermatitis to nickel has previously been reported in association with cocoa. We present four clinical cases of hypersensitivity temporally associated with chocolate consumption at Easter. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for foods high in nickel to provoke patients with known nickel sensitivity and systemic dermatitis.
Subject(s)
Cacao/adverse effects , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/epidemiology , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Food Hypersensitivity/etiology , Holidays , Child , Child, Preschool , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology , Female , Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Food Hypersensitivity/physiopathology , Humans , Immunization , Incidence , Male , Nickel , Patch TestsSubject(s)
Hemangioma/pathology , Port-Wine Stain/pathology , Adolescent , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
Tuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic disorder presenting clinically with multiple hamartomas in different organs including the skin. The cutaneous manifestations include facial angiofibromas, hypopigmented macules (ash leaves), connective tissue nevi (shagreen patches), and periungual fibromas (Koenen tumors). We present a case of facial angiofibromas in a mosaic pattern tuberous sclerosis in an 11-year-old boy.
Subject(s)
Angiofibroma/diagnosis , Facial Neoplasms/diagnosis , Tuberous Sclerosis/diagnosis , Angiofibroma/pathology , Child , Facial Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Male , Tuberous Sclerosis/pathologyABSTRACT
We present four cases of children less than 2 years of age, seen in four different practices, with a similar, unique, and specific presentation of diaper dermatitis, all while using Pampers Baby Dry with Drymax technology. To date, no reported cases exist of allergic contact dermatitis to Pampers Dryweave in medical literature.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Diaper Rash/etiology , Diapers, Infant/adverse effects , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/drug therapy , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/pathology , Dermatologic Agents/therapeutic use , Diaper Rash/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Infant , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Indeterminate cell histiocytosis is a rare cutaneous disease characterized by the presence of dendritic cells that lack Birbeck granules and immunophenotypically shares features of both Langerhans cells and macrophages. We describe a case of a 4-year-old African American boy affected by a disseminated, exclusively mucocutaneous form of indeterminate cell histiocytosis. The eruption was successfully treated with narrowband ultraviolet B. The peculiar negativity of the Langerhans cell marker S100 is also discussed.
Subject(s)
Histiocytosis/radiotherapy , Ultraviolet Therapy/methods , Black or African American , Child, Preschool , Histiocytosis/pathology , Humans , Langerhans Cells/pathology , Langerhans Cells/ultrastructure , Male , S100 Proteins/analysisABSTRACT
Port-wine stains (PWS) and morphea are distinct conditions that are easily recognized and diagnosed in pediatric patients. Rarely, early localized morphea may mimic an acquired PWS. We present 4 such cases, in two of which the initial clinical impression of acquired PWS was thought to be confirmed by histopathology. A diagnosis of morphea was made approximately 6 months to 3 years after the onset of the acquired PWS. Clinicians should be aware that an apparent acquired PWS may be an early manifestation of localized morphea and continue to monitor these lesions.
Subject(s)
Facial Dermatoses/pathology , Port-Wine Stain/pathology , Scleroderma, Localized/pathology , Telangiectasis/pathology , Biopsy , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Upon ingestion, the artificial sweetener, aspartame is metabolized to formaldehyde in the body and has been reportedly associated with systemic contact dermatitis in patients exquisitely sensitive to formaldehyde. We present a case of a 9-year-old Caucasian boy with a history of mild atopic dermatitis that experienced severe systematized dermatitis after being started on montelukast chewable tablets containing aspartame. Patch testing revealed multiple chemical sensitivities which included a positive reaction to formaldehyde. Notably, resolution of his systemic dermatitis only occurred with discontinuation of the montelukast chewables.
