ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Because healthy habits are established early in life, it is important to teach young children about foods that contribute to a healthy diet. One of the strategies recommended by the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines is to implement educational programs in community settings such as child care and preschool settings. Head Start is one such educational child care setting that serves young children ages 3 to 5 years old. METHODS: A community partnership was established between Jackson County Civic Action Agency and supported by the Mississippi Gulf Coast Youth Health Coalition's Childhood Obesity Initiative. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent 2-group pre/post-test study design was utilized to determine the effectiveness of a 12-week physical activity and nutrition education program delivered in a Head Start setting. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in fruit (F = 5.602, df = 1, p = .018) and vegetable (F = 16.061, df = 1, p < .001) recognition scores, and the number of "tried and liked" fruits (F = 5.579, df = 1, p = .019) and vegetables (F = 88.559, df = 1, p < .001) between children in the control group (n = 86) and intervention group (n = 303) when controlling for scores at baseline. CONCLUSION: Utilizing the Head Start program as a setting for health education program delivery is one available strategy to combat childhood obesity on a community level.
Subject(s)
Diet, Healthy , Early Intervention, Educational , Health Behavior , Physical Education and Training , Child, Preschool , Health Promotion , Humans , Mississippi , Pediatric Obesity/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Exercise , Habits , Health Promotion , Exercise/psychology , Female , Humans , Laughter , Women's HealthABSTRACT
A mass spectrometry (MS) approach was used to analyze viral core proteins of the murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-based gene delivery vector. The retroviral particles produced by traditional methods were concentrated and purified by ultracentrifugation and spin column for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) MS. MALDI application detected all core MuLV proteins, partial degradation of p10, phosphorylation of p12, as well as the previously unknown formation of a polymeric supramolecular complex between p15 and p30 core proteins. ESI provided information on the post-translational modifications of MuLV core proteins. Data suggest myristoylation of p15 and oxidation of methionine residues in both p12 and p30, whereas cysteine residues in p10, p15 and p30 were not oxidized. The current study demonstrates that MALDI and ESI are efficient tools for viral core protein analysis and can be used as analytical tools in virology and biotechnology of gene delivery vectors.
Subject(s)
Leukemia Virus, Murine/chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , Viral Core Proteins/chemistry , Leukemia Virus, Murine/isolation & purification , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Ultracentrifugation , Viral Core Proteins/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Removal of the R peptide (residues 617-632) from the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) envelope protein (Env) cytoplasmic tail potentiates fusion. We examined the role of the membrane-proximal cytoplasmic domain (598-616) of the MoMuLV Env in the Env-mediated membrane fusion and incorporation. The Env truncated at 616 exhibits maximum fusogenicity in cell-to-cell fusion assay. By comparison, full tail Env (632) and the Env truncated to residue 601 mediated fusion at 40%. The Envs truncated to residues 598 or 595 are not fusogenic. Progressive cytoplasmic tail truncation correlated with decreased Env incorporation into virions. Substitution of the domain 598-616 with an amphiphilic alpha-helix from melittin results in maximally fusogenic Envs that efficiently incorporated into transduction competent virions. However, substitution of the domain 598-616 with random or hydrophilic sequences caused loss of the Env fusogenicity and titer while retaining incorporation. Further, a secondary structure prediction analysis of 27 unrelated Env cytoplasmic tails indicates a common (23/27) propensity for an amphiphilic alpha-helical domain at immediate proximity to the viral membrane. These results support the suggestion that viral fusion is enhanced by a membrane-proximal cytoplasmic amphiphilic alpha-helix in Env tail. The model of its action is proposed.
Subject(s)
Cell Membrane/metabolism , Gene Products, env/chemistry , Gene Products, env/metabolism , Membrane Fusion/physiology , Moloney murine leukemia virus/chemistry , Moloney murine leukemia virus/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Cell Fusion , Cell Line , Cell Membrane/ultrastructure , Gene Products, env/genetics , Humans , Melitten/metabolism , Mice , Models, Molecular , Molecular Sequence Data , Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics , Mutation , Protein Structure, Secondary , Protein Structure, Tertiary , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolismSubject(s)
Burkitt Lymphoma/complications , Burkitt Lymphoma/diagnosis , Chest Pain/etiology , Child , Humans , Male , RecurrenceABSTRACT
A sound retention strategy should incorporate a business plan, a value proposition, progress measures, and management influences. The business plan will indicate whether a healthcare organization will achieve a return on investment for its effort. A value proposition will showcase an organization's strengths and differentiate it from its competitors. Measuring progress toward meeting retention goals at regular intervals will help keep an organization on track. The best managers require accountability, rewarding employees for their successes and taking corrective action as necessary. Retention rate targets must be at a level that will achieve a competitive advantage in the served market.
