ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of running with a jogging stroller (JS) on oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). This study included 2 parts: Part 1 involved participants (N=15) running on an indoor track and Part 2 involved participants (N=12) running on a paved greenway. All participants completed 6, one-mile trials randomized over 2 visits: 3 were completed at a predetermined pace (160.8 m·min (- 1)) without a JS (NoJS), with 11.36 kg in the JS (JS1), and 22.72 kg in the JS (JS2) and 3 were self-paced and included NoJS, JS1, and JS2. VO2 and HR were measured using a portable metabolic system and telemetry. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to determine differences among conditions. Part 1, there were no differences in VO2 across conditions, but HR and RPE were significantly higher (P<0.05) during the JS trials compared to the NoJS trials. Part 2, VO2 and RPE during JS trials were higher than NoJS trials (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in HR. The results indicate that it is feasible to run while pushing a JS with minimal increases in exertion compared to running without a JS.
Subject(s)
Heart Rate/physiology , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Physical Exertion/physiology , Running/physiology , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Exercise Test , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant Equipment , Male , TelemetryABSTRACT
This research describes the effects of short-term elemental iodine (I2) and iodide (I-) replacement on thyroid glands and mammary glands of iodine-deficient (ID) Sprague-Dawley female rats. Iodine deficiency causes atypical tissue and physiologic changes in both glands. Tissue histopathology and the endocrine metabolic parameters, such as serum TT4, tissue and body weights, and vaginal smears, are compared. A moderate reduction in thyroid size from the ID control (IDC) was noted with both I- and I2, whereas serum total thyroxine approached the normal control with both I- and I2, but was lower in IDC. Thyroid gland IDC hyperplasia was reduced modestly with I2, but eliminated with I-. Lobular hyperplasia of the mammary glands decreased with I2 and increased with I- when compared with the IDC; extraductal secretions remained the same as IDC with I2, but increased with I-; and periductal fibrosis was markedly reduced with I2, but remained severe with I-. Thus, orally administered I2 or I- in trace doses with similar iodine availability caused different histopathological and endocrine patterns in thyroid and mammary glands of ID rats. The significance of this is that replacement therapy with various forms of iodine are tissue-specific.
Subject(s)
Iodides/pharmacology , Iodine/pharmacology , Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects , Thyroid Gland/drug effects , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Female , Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology , Mammary Glands, Animal/physiology , Organ Size/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Thyroid Gland/anatomy & histology , Thyroid Gland/physiologyABSTRACT
The author discusses why healthcare security directors need to find more creative and innovative ways of providing cost-efficient services. Non-traditional partnerships, he notes, are needed.
Subject(s)
Contract Services/economics , Security Measures/organization & administration , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Hospital Administrators , Organizational Innovation , Planning Techniques , United StatesABSTRACT
The author discusses why police chiefs who have not yet given thought to developing a security partnership agenda should begin now. Partnerships, he says, should be cultivated between public police and private security.
