ABSTRACT
Cybersecurity notifications play an important role in encouraging users to use computers safely. Emotional reactions to such notifications are known to positively influence users' adherence to these notifications, though it is challenging for researchers to identify and quantify users' emotional reactions. In this study, we explored electroencephalography (EEG) signals that were elicited by the presentation of various emotionally charged image stimuli provided by the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and compared signals to those elicited by images of cybersecurity notifications and other computer-related stimuli. Participants provided behavioral assessments of valence and arousal elicited by the images which were used to cross-reference the results. We found that EEG amplitudes corresponding to the late positive potential (LPP) were elevated in reaction to images of cybersecurity notifications as well as IAPS images known to elicit strong positive and negative valence, when compared to neutral valence or other computer-related stimuli. These findings suggest that the LPP may account for emotional deliberation about cybersecurity notifications, which could be a useful measure when conducting future studies into the role such emotional reactions play in encouraging safe computer behavior.
ABSTRACT
T cells and B cells play substantial roles in the process of coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we examined the role of circulating follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in CAD. Compared to non-CAD controls, CAD patients had increased levels of circulating Tfh. Also, circulating Tfh in CAD patients exhibited increased frequencies of Th1- and Th17-like phenotypes and aberrant cytokine expressions. Coculture experiments with B cells showed that Tfh from CAD patients were more potent at inducing antibody production from B cells, enhancing plasmablast differentiation and suppressing B10 cell differentiation. Importantly, we found that the skewing of circulating Tfh toward the Th1/Th17-like cells was directly correlated with B cell inflammation and low density lipoprotein level in CAD patients. Together, our data demonstrated a skewing of blood Tfh composition in CAD patients, which resulted in significant changes in B cell inflammation.
