Proximal interphalangeal joint dislocations and treatment: an evolutionary process.

BACKGROUND: Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) dislocations represent a significant proportion of hand clinic visits and typically require frequent follow-ups for clinical assessment, orthotic adjustments, and physiotherapy. There are a large number of treatment options available for PIPJ dislocations, yet no prospective or controlled studies have been carried out, largely due to the diversity of the various types of injuries. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all the PIPJ dislocations in our institution over a five-year period and directly compared the different splinting techniques that we have used over this time frame. RESULTS: There were a total of 77 dislocations of the PIPJ (57 men and 20 women) that were included in our study. We found that our management has shifted gradually from complete immobilisation to controlled early mobilisation with figure-of-eight splints. Following treatment, the range of motion of the PIPJ in the figure-of-eight group was significantly greater than that in the other three methods (P<0.05) used. There were significantly fewer hospital visits in the figure-of-eight splint group than in the other treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of PIPJ dislocations has undergone a significant evolution in our experience. Early controlled mobilisation has become increasingly important, and therefore, splints have had to be adapted to allow for this. The figure-of-eight splint has yielded excellent results in our experience. It should be considered for all PIPJ dislocations, but careful patient selection is required to achieve optimum results.

Trineural injury to the right hand after domestic electrocution.

Electrocution injuries account for a significant amount of burns unit admissions each year, and can be fatal. These injuries are divided into high-voltage (over 1000 volts) and low-voltage (less than 1000 volts) injuries, with lightning strikes (greater than 100 million volts) considered separately. Although the majority of electrocution injuries are of low voltage, most of the published reports concern industrial/high-voltage and lightning injuries. This disparity may trivialize low-voltage injuries in the minds of clinicians. We report a rare case of trineural (median, ulnar, and radial) injury in an upper limb after a low-voltage electrocution, and discuss the pathogenesis, investigation, and treatment of these injuries.

Licking as an out-of-hospital burns treatment-An isolated cultural phenomenon?

Wound management in burns is a potentially complex issue. Salivary constituents have been shown experimentally to be of benefit in the treatment of thermal injuries. In our clinical experience we have encountered patients who have saliva directly applied to the burn wound prior to presenting to the national burns service. The practice is known as "Licking". We report two cases to illustrate the presentations we have encountered. We believe that these illustrate an isolated phenomenon unique to the Republic of Ireland.