[Feasibility of colorectal surgery without colonic preparation. A prospective study]. / Faisabilité de la chirurgie colorectale sans préparation colique. Etude prospective.

INTRODUCTION: Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP), aimed at reducing the infectious complications of colorectal surgery, was considered as indispensable. This benefit is actually disputed. The aim of this study was to report an experience of colorectal surgery without MBP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hundred ninety patients without MBP and without low residue diet, who underwent colorectal surgery with primary anastomosis not requiring a diverting stoma were included. The main outcome were the rate of mortality, anastomotic leak, wound infection and intra-abdominal abscess. Secondary outcomes were duration of intravenous perfusion, nasogastric aspiration, total hospitalisation stay and time to realimentation. RESULTS: The procedure was performed by laparotomy (n=142) or laparoscopy (n=48). Forty-eight patients underwent emergency surgery. Ninety-two patients were operated for malignancy. The rate of mortality was 6.3% in correlation with the scale of AFC. The rate of anastomotic leak was 3.7%. The rate of specific morbidity was independent of scale of AFC on the contrary to the frequency of non-specific complications. The mean duration of intravenous perfusion and nasogastric suction were 6 days and 0.3 day. The patient had normal diet to the 4th day (4+/-3 days). The mean hospital stay was 13.4 days. CONCLUSION: The colorectal surgery without MBP may be safely performed and could improve the quality of life of patients in the perioperatory period.

[Long term outcome following 26 surgical ampullectomies]. / Résultat à long terme de 26 ampullectomies chirurgicales.

BACKGROUND: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the standard surgical treatment for malignant ampullomas but is still associated with a mortality and morbidity still ranging from 0 to 10% and from 15 to 40%, respectively. Ampullectomy is an alternative to PD for benign ampulloma or, in high-risk patients, for invasive carcinoma. The aim of this study was to report early and long term results of surgical ampullectomy for presumed benign ampullomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1981 to 2004, 26 patients from two institutions underwent surgical ampullectomy. Of the 26 patients, 8 had familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Surgical ampullectomy was indicated on a multisciplinary basis. RESULTS: Final pathological examination revealed 15 adenomas, 4 in situ adenocarcinomas, 2 endocrine tumors, and 5 other benign lesions. There was no postoperative mortality. Specific morbidity was 8% (N=2). Mean follow-up was 86+/-70 months (range: 3-204). Actuarial overall 5-year survival was 92%. There were 4 local recurrences (none in patients with FAP). Four patients died during follow-up (including 3 from initial disease). CONCLUSION: Ampullectomy is a good alternative to PD in case of benign or non-invasive malignant ampullary lesion, including in selected cases of FAP.

[Coelioscopic treatment of pancreatic polycystic disease]. / Traitement coelioscopique d'une polykystose pancréatique.

Ten per cent of patients with polycystic hepato-renal disease have cysts of the pancreas. This cysts are generally uncommon and asymptomatic. An extension of the whole pancreas is rare. We report about case of a patient with a pancreatic polycystic disease associated with a minor polycystic hepato-renal disease. The symptoms was related to the number and the size of the cysts. The pancreatic cysts have been treated by laparoscopic fenestration with a satisfying result in a medium term.

[Cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas: does pylorus preservation change morbidity and prognosis?]. / Duodénopancréatectomie céphalique pour adénocarcinome de la tête du pancréas: la conservation pylorique modifie-t-elle la morbidité et le pronostic?

STUDY AIM: To evaluate the influence of a pylorus-preserving on the morbidity and prognosis of patient with pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of pancreas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1985 and 1999, 183 patients were operated on for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Among them, 63 patients (40 men, mean age 63 years, range 41-77 years) had curative resection and were included in this retrospective study. They were classified according to the type of resection. In the group I, the procedure included a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 35). In the group II, the procedure included polar inferior gastrectomy (n = 28). The prognosis was compared. Parameters for comparison were rate of local recurrence, rate of metastatic evolution and duration of survival. RESULTS: The operative length and mortality rate (group I: 0%, group II: 3%), general (p = 0.37) and specific morbidity (p = 0.30), frequency of delayed gastric emptying were similar in the 2 groups (group I: 20%, group II: 35%, p = 0.88). The duration of naso-gastic aspiration was shorter in the group I (6 days vs 8, p = 0.01). The prognosis was the same in the 2 groups (metastasis: group I: 39%, group II: 56%, p = 0.12, local recurrence: group I: 58%, group II: 43%, p = 0.09, mean survival: group I: 18 months, group II: 19 months, p = 0.77). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy could be performed for patients with adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas and does not compromise survival.

[Perineal gangrene: new bacteriologic approach. Results of medico-surgical treatment (81 cases)]. / Gangrènes périnéales: nouvelle approche bactériologique. Résultats du traitement médicochirurgical (81 cas).

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this retrospective study was to report the results of a series of 81 cases of perineal gangrene treated in the same center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1988 to 1998, 81 patients (64 males, 17 females, mean age: 58 years) with perineal gangrene were treated by a medico-surgical team, by means of a protocol combining appropriate intensive care measures based on a new bacteriologic concept of infectious agents, extensive excisions and drainage of the infraperitoneal region and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 24.7%. Mean duration of intensive care stay was 19 days, mean duration of hospital stay was 31 +/- 4 days (range: 6 to 60 days). Risk factors were: age > 68 years (p = 0.001), shock (p = 0.83), subcutaneous crepitation (p = 0.25) and severity index > 10 (p = 0.003). Sequelae were anal incontinence (n = 3) and permanent colostomy (n = 5). Secondary plastic reconstruction was necessary in four patients. There were no urologic or genital sequelae. CONCLUSION: Perineal gangrene is still a very serious disease. The time to treatment, the simplified severity index and consideration of bacteriologic combinations are the main prognostic factors.

[Chronic postoperative rectal fistulae. Treatment by transanal colo-anal anastomosis. Apropos of 4 cases]. / Les fistules rectales chroniques post-opératoires. Traitement par anastomose colo-anale transanale. A propos de 4 cas.

In a few cases, the postoperative rectal fistulas progress towards chronicity despite correct treatment and left iliac derivation. In 4 cases of such fistulas (3 females and 1 male, mean age 46 years), developed after rectal surgery and persisting for 2 to 16 months in young subjects, in good general condition and with a good long-term prognosis, we performed rectal resection with transanal colo-anal anastomosis according to the Parks technique. This procedure led to healing of the course of the fistulas, then closure of the derivation anus in the 4 patients. The functional results proved to be satisfactory, following short-term rehabilitation with biofeedback. After discussing the other surgical possibilities, the authors estimate that such a radical cure must be decided upon without delay, in case of chronic rectal fistula.

[Leiomyosarcoma of the anal canal]. / Les léimyosarcomes du canal anal.

Leiomyosarcoma originating in the anal canal internal sphincter is an extremely rare malignant tumor of often late diagnosis, since usually asymptomatic, and with malignancy criteria that are sometimes difficult to define. These tumors affect men and women with equal frequency, usually in the 6 th decade. Two cases are reported in patients aged 67 and 65 respectively in whom the tumor was revealed by a painful perianal mass shown on rectoscopy to be due to a submucous tumor projecting into anal canal, Prognosis and treatment of these tumors is discussed, diagnosis being confirmed only after excision biopsy. Tumoral extension was both local and regional by continuity but blood dissemination had occurred with metastases more frequently in liver (1 case) but also in lungs. Glandular extension was exceptional. Limited local exeresis of small tumors appears justified if sufficiently wide, since malignancy of leiomyosarcoma appears to remain circumscribed over long periods. However, this limited procedure runs the risk of local recurrence with the need for abdominoperineal amputation (the case in the 2 patients reported), although long-term results appear to be similar whether excision is or is not extensive, the abdominoperineal amputation failing to avoid the unfavorable course. Complementary radiotherapy or chemotherapy is ineffective, and prognosis is related more to the degree of tumoral differentiation than to the operative treatment itself.

Mixed familial polyposis syndromes.

Three cases of polyposis consisting of adenomatous and hamartomatous elements are described. The literature on mixed polyposis syndromes is reviewed.