Risk of sleep-disordered breathing in orthodontic patients: comparison between children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in orthodontic patients and to evaluate the influence of sex, age, and orthodontic treatment in a cohort of subjects using the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) screening tool. METHODS: Parents of 245 patients aged 5-18 years (11.4 ±â€…3.3 years) were invited to participate in the study by answering the PSQ, which has 22 questions about snoring, sleepiness, and behavior. The frequency of high and low risk was calculated for the full sample. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association among sex, age, orthodontic treatment, rapid maxillary expansion (RME), and body mass index (BMI) with SDB. A significance level of 5% (P < .05) was adopted in all tests. RESULTS: A high risk of SDB was found in 34.3% of the sample. No sex and BMI difference was found for the risk of SDB. The high risk of SDB was significantly associated with younger ages (OR = 1.889, P = .047), pre-orthodontic treatment phase (OR = 3.754, P = .02), and RME (OR = 4.157, P = .001). LIMITATIONS: Lack of ear, nose and throat-related medical history. CONCLUSION: Children showed a 1.8 higher probability of having a high risk of SDB compared with adolescents. Patients before orthodontic treatment and patients submitted to RME showed a high risk of SDB.

Prevalência de ponticulus posticus associado aos diferentes biotipos faciais em pacientes que buscam tratamento ortodôntico / Prevalence of ponticulus posticus associated with different facial biotypes in patients seeking orthodontic treatment

Resumo Ponticulus Posticus (PP) significa "pequena ponte posterior" em latim. É definida como uma pequena ponte óssea anormal, que é gerada entre a parte posterior do processo articular superior do osso occipital e a porção posterolateral da margem superior do arco posterior do Atlas. A associação entre PP e algumas anomalias dentárias já foi demonstrada, sendo a impacção palatina de caninos superiores uma delas. Objetivos: o presente estudo avaliou os efeitos das variáveis gênero, idade e padrão vertical, comparado na frequência e tipo de PP (forma parcial ou completa) em uma amostra retrospectiva transversal de radiografias cefalométricas laterais de pacientes saudáveis, ortodonticamente não tratados. Materiais e métodos: a amostra incluiu radiografias laterais de 300 pacientes (n = 300) ­ (124 homens e 176 mulheres) de uma clínica odontológica da cidade de Lages/SC. A presença de Ponticulus Posticus (parcial ou completa) foi avaliada, levando-se em consideração gênero, idade e padrão vertical. Após análise descritiva dos dados, os mesmos foram submetidos ao teste chi quadrado (α = 0,05). Resultados: a prevalência geral de Ponticulus Posticus foi de 11% (30 de 300) com as formas parcial e completa verificadas, respectivamente, em 6,3% (19 de 300) e 4,7% (11 de 300) da amostra. Não foram encontradas associações com gênero (p = 0,611) e idade (p = 0,761). O padrão vertical teve relevância significativa com a presença de PP (p = 0,007). Conclusão: há uma associação positiva entre o padrão vertical do tipo braquifacial com uma maior prevalência de Ponticulus Posticus em suas formas parcial e completa.(AU)

Abstract Ponticus Posticus (PP) means "small posterior bridge" in Latin. It is defined as an abnormal bony bridge, which is generated between a posterior part of the upper articular process of the occipital bone and the posterolateral portion of the upper margin of the posterior arch of the Atlas vertebra. Objectives: the present study evaluated the effects of the variables gender, age, and vertical pattern, compared on the frequency and type of PP (partial form or complete) in a retrospective transversal sample of lateral cephalograms of healthy orthodontically untreated patients. Materials and methods: the sample included lateral cephalograms of 300 patients (n = 300) (124 men and 176 women) from a dental clinic in the city of Lages/SC. The presence of Ponticus Posticus (partial and complete) was evaluated considering gender, age, and vertical pattern. After descriptive analysis of the data, they were submitted to the chi square test (α = 0.05). Results: the overall prevalence of Ponticus Posticus was 11% (30 of 300) with its partial and complete forms verified respectively in 6.3% (19 of 300) and 4.7% (11 of 300) of the sample. No associations were found with gender (p = 0.611) and age (p = 0.761). The vertical pattern had significant relevance with the presence of PP (p = 0.007). Conclusion: there is a positive association between the vertical brachyfacial pattern type with the highest prevalence of Ponticus Posticus in its partial and complete forms (AU)