ABSTRACT
Curcumin has been used in traditional Indian medicine for many centuries for its anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. There has been some promising research concerning curcumin as a safe therapeutic agent for many cancers, colorectal cancer being among them. This has been shown through research in cell cultures, animal models, and humans. At this time, it appears that curcumin's anti-carcinogenic properties are most likely due to its effects on multiple molecular targets, such as nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). NF-κB and AP-1 are both major transcription factors that regulate inflammation and thus affect cell proliferation, differentiation and even apoptosis. Curcumin has also been shown to affect a variety of other key players involved in carcinogenesis, such as cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metallopeptidases 2 and 9 and tumor necrosis factor α induced vascular cell adhesion molecule, just to name a few. Although many molecular targets are involved, curcumin has been well tolerated in many studies: doses up to 8 g a day have been confirmed to be safe for humans. In this brief review, we will examine the current studies and literature and touch upon many molecular pathways affected by curcumin, and demonstrate the exciting possibility of curcumin as a chemopreventive agent for colorectal cancer.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To examine the demographic data on a large multi-ethnic population of patients with microscopic colitis (MC) in Southern California and to determine the association of MC with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. METHODS: All patients diagnosed with MC by colonic biopsy from 1996-2005 were identified utilizing a pathology database. All biopsies were reviewed by experienced pathologists utilizing standard histologic criteria. Patients' medical records were reviewed and data regarding patient age, co-morbidities, sex, ethnicity, and medications were analyzed. An age- and sex-matched standard control group was also generated. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the associations of co-morbidities between lymphocytic colitis (LC), collagenous colitis (CC) and the control group. RESULTS: A total of 547 cases of MC were identified, 376 patients with LC and 171 patients with CC. The female/male ratio was 3:1 in CC and 2.7:1 in LC patients. Celiac disease (P < 0.001), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (P < 0.001), and thyroid diseases (P < 0.001) were found to have a higher occurrence in MC compared to the control group. No statistical differences in the occurrence of colorectal cancer, diabetes and IBD were found between the MC group and the control group. CONCLUSION: This is the largest group of patients with MC known to the authors that has been studied to date. Conditions such as celiac disease, IBS, and thyroid diseases were found to be related to MC. Furthermore, neither an increased risk of colorectal cancer nor IBD was associated with MC in this study.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Microscopic , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , California/epidemiology , California/ethnology , Colitis, Microscopic/epidemiology , Colitis, Microscopic/pathology , Colitis, Microscopic/physiopathology , Comorbidity , Databases, Factual , Ethnicity , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Curcumin is the organic extract of turmeric and possesses known anti-inflammatory properties. Our aim was to explore the utility of curcumin in patients with HIV-associated diarrhea. Eight patients with HIV-associated diarrhea were given a mean daily dose of 1,862 mg of curcumin and followed for a mean of 41 weeks. All had resolution of diarrhea and normalization of stool quality in a mean time of 13 +/- 9.3 days. Mean number of bowel movements per day dropped from 7 +/- 3.6 to 1.7 +/- 0.5. Seven of eight patients had considerable weight gain on curcumin (10.8 +/- 8.9 lbs). Five of six patients had resolution of bloating and abdominal pain. Patients on anti-retroviral therapy experienced no discernible drug interactions, changes in CD(4) count, or changes in HIV viral load while taking curcumin. Curcumin therapy was associated with rapid and complete resolution of diarrhea, substantial weight gain, improvement in the reduction of bloating and abdominal pain.
