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1.
Neuropsychology ; 32(1): 65-76, 2018 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29035070

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Decreased processing speed in schizophrenia patients has been identified as a major impairment factor in various neuropsychological domains. Working memory span has been found to be involved in several deep or effortful cognitive processes. We investigated the impact that these 2 cognitive functions may have on phonological and semantic fluency in schizophrenia patients and healthy participants. METHOD: Fifty-five patients with schizophrenia and 60 healthy participants were administered a neuropsychological battery including phonological and semantic fluency, working memory, and cognitive and motor speed. RESULTS: Regression analyses revealed that motor speed was related to phonological fluency in female patients, whereas cognitive speed was related to semantic fluency in male patients. In addition, working memory span was related to verbal fluency in women from both the patient and the healthy control groups. Decreased processing speed, but not decreased working memory span, accounted for the verbal fluency deficit in patients. Verbal fluency was inversely related to attention deficit in female patients and to negative symptoms in male patients. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased processing speed may be the main factor in verbal fluency impairment of patients. Further, the cognitive and clinical predictors of verbal fluency efficiency are different in men and women. (PsycINFO Database Record


Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology , Language , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Reaction Time/physiology , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Adult , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Schizophrenia/complications , Semantics
2.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 121(supl.1): 56-59, nov. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-149945

ABSTRACT

Fundamento y objetivo: El consumo abusivo de alcohol constituye un importante problema de salud pública. Las políticas sanitarias deben dirigirse tanto a la disminución de la morbimortalidad asociada como a reducir el consumo de alcohol en la población general, especialmente en los colectivos de riesgo. Población y método: El Plan de Salud de Cataluña fijó un objetivo de salud (reducción de la tasa de incidencia del síndrome alcohólico fetal [SAF] en un 25%) y dos objetivos de disminución de riesgo (reducir en un 25% el número de jóvenes consumidores de más de 75 ml diarios de alcohol y que estos bebedores no superen el 4,5% en la población general). Para evaluar el cumplimiento de estos objetivos se ha utilizado el conjunto mínimo básico de datos al alta hospitalaria para el SAF y las Encuestas de Salud de Cataluña de 1994 y 2002 para la disminución de consumos. Resultados: Se ha reducido la tasa de incidencia del SAF en un 50%, mientras que entre los bebedores de riesgo la tasa de prevalencia se ha situado en el 4,5% para la población general y en los jóvenes se ha producido una reducción del 69% en relación con 1990. Discusión: Se han conseguido los tres objetivos propuestos en el Plan de Salud. En relación con el SAF se debe considerar que la baja prevalencia puede provocar importantes variaciones porcentuales. En lo que respecta a la prevalencia de consumidores abusivos, se discute la conveniencia de adoptar, en ulteriores ocasiones, los criterios de la OMS para definir los bebedores de riesgo (AU)


Background and objective: Alcohol abuse has become an important public health problem. Health policies must be oriented towards decreasing the morbi-mortality associated and reducing alcohol consumption among the general population specially risk groups. Subjects and method: The Health Plan for Catalonia fixed a health objective (25% reduction of alcoholic fetal syndrome incidence, AFS) and two different risk-reduction objectives (25% reduction of young consumers of more than 75 ml of daily alcohol who never would go beyond 4.5% of the general population). In order to evaluate the degree of achievement of these objectives we have used the minimal basic set of data for hospital discharge for AFS and the Catalan Health surveys for the years 1994 and 2002, for the other objective. Results: SAF incidence has decreased 50%. Prevalence of risk drinkers was 4.5% and there was 69% reduction of the young drinkers prevalence during the 1990-2000 period. Discussion: The three purposed objectives have been fulfilled. We emphazise that the low number of AFS may produce important percentual variations. Finally we discuss the advisability of adopting the WHO criteria for risk drinkers in ulterior Works (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/mortality , Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control , Health Planning/statistics & numerical data , Health Planning/trends , Health Policy, Planning and Management/organization & administration , Health Policy, Planning and Management/trends , Health Status Indicators , Quality Indicators, Health Care/organization & administration , Quality Indicators, Health Care/statistics & numerical data
3.
Alcohol Alcohol ; 37(6): 591-6, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12414553

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To identify suitable short versions of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and to evaluate their effectiveness as screening tests for 'risky drinking' among men and women in primary health care (PHC) settings. METHODS: A total of 255 patients attending five PHC centres in Catalonia (Spain) were interviewed by clinicians regarding health status and drinking pattern. Patients also completed the AUDIT. Clinicians' diagnosis of risky drinking was used as a gold standard to evaluate the effectiveness of three forms of AUDIT. RESULTS: AUDIT-3 and AUDIT-4 performed similarly to AUDIT-10 in detecting risky drinking and had equivalent receiver operating characteristics curves and their areas under the curve. CONCLUSIONS: Both short forms of AUDIT seem to be as effective as the full AUDIT for detecting risky drinking among men and women in PHC settings.


Subject(s)
Alcohol-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Health Surveys , Primary Health Care , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alcohol-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Health Status , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Prevalence , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Spain/epidemiology
4.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 117(18): 685-689, dic. 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-3223

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: En el contexto del estudio de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) sobre alcohol y atención primaria, se ha evidenciado la necesidad de desarrollar instrumentos estandarizados de identificación temprana, que faciliten a los profesionales de atención primaria los trabajos de cribado sistemático. El objetivo del presente estudio era desarrollar un nuevo instrumento estandarizado para registrar consumos alcohólicos y validar su utilidad para la detección de consumos de riesgo en el contexto de la atención primaria. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: El Interrogatorio Sistematizado de Consumos Alcohólicos (ISCA) se administró conjuntamente con el AUDIT, que sirvió de criterio externo, a un total de 255 pacientes que acudieron a consulta en 5 centros de atención primaria. RESULTADOS: La correlación entre las puntuaciones en las dos pruebas fue positiva y altamente significativa (r = 0,831; p 28 para los varones y > 17 para las mujeres) y atendiendo a los diferentes criterios externos utilizados, en los varones la sensibilidad del ISCA osciló entre el 70 y el 81 por ciento y la especificidad entre el 82 y el 99 por ciento. En las mujeres los niveles de sensibilidad oscilaron entre el 46 y el 100 por ciento y los de especificidad entre el 97 y el 100 por ciento. CONCLUSIONES: El ISCA parece útil en la detección de consumo de riesgo y es además sencillo de administrar por los equipos de atención primaria, por lo que se puede utilizar indistinta o complementariamente al AUDIT (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Adolescent , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Male , Female , Humans , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Prevalence , Primary Health Care , Alcoholism
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