Informe especial: Transmisión vertical de Chagas: situación epidemiológica de Chagas en embarazo y Chagas congénito en la maternidad Sardá: Primer semestre de 2018 / Special report: Vertical transmission of Chagas: epidemiological situation of Chagas in pregnancy and congenital Chagas in Sardá Maternity: first semester of 2018

Hasta la Semana Epidemiológica 36 de 2018 se notificaron en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires 104 casos de Chagas congénito, de los cuales se confirmaron 6 (5,8%), se descartaron 6 y el 88% restante aún no cuenta con el cierre de caso. Las comunas del sur de la Ciudad acumulan el 56% de los casos. Durante el primer semestre de 2018 se diagnosticaron en la Maternidad Sardá 67 mujeres con Chagas en el embarazo, de un total de 2972 partos realizados en la institución en ese periodo, lo que representa una prevalencia de 22,54 por cada mil embarazadas En este informe se busca describir la situación de la transmisión vertical de la enfermedad de Chagas en el primer semestre de 2018, entre SE 1 y 26; describir la modalidad de notificación de los casos por la Unidad de Promoción y Protección de la Salud (P y P); y reforzar la importancia de la notificación de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria debido a su relevancia en la Salud Pública. Se presentan los casos de Chagas en embarazo por grupo etario, y según provincia de residencia, y se detallan propuestas para la optimización de resultados.

Outcome after treatment of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: relation between colposcopically directed biopsy, conization and cervical loop excision.

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: The hypothesis that cold-knife conization performed in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and unsatisfactory colposcopy is a better procedure than the loop electrosurgical procedure (LEEP) is tested. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in conization specimens of women submitted to LEEP (n = 102) or conization (n = 245) due to HSIL. Age, biopsy, compromised surgical margins in conization, and recurrence were analysed. RESULTS: The frequency of invasion, non-compromised margins, and recurrence in conization and LEEP were, respectively, 7.7% versus 2.9%, 64.1% versus 48% (p = 0.008), and 33.8% versus 24.1%. Eight (42.1%) and five (26.3%) of 19 women submitted to conization where invasion was found in surgical specimens were, respectively, menopausal or had unsatisfactory colposcopy. Twenty-five (96.2%) of 26 and 23 (95.8%) of 24, respectively, undergoing conization and LEEP had recurrence in the first five years. CONCLUSION: We recommend the use of cold-knife conization in cases where the lesion is located deep in the cervical canal.

Antimycobacterial activity of 4'-bromo-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl 4-x-phenylmethanone derivatives, and their acute toxicity and cytotoxicity.

The antimycobacterial activity of nine biphenyl methanone (BPM) derivatives against standard strains of Mycobacterium kansasii, M. avium and M. malmoense was determined by colorimetric assay in microplates with the dye Alamar Blue. Acute toxicity of these compounds was also analyzed by determination of CO2 concentration in a respirometric assay using Escherichia coli. The compounds showed weak antimycobacterial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) over 0.038 mmol l-1 and no toxicity was found in E. coli up to 400 mmol l-1. No cytotoxicity was observed on V79 cells up to 0.35 mmol l-1 with 7 of the BPM derivatives, with two exceptions (X = SO2CH3, NO2) that showed some toxicity. The greatest antimycobacterial activity was observed with the SO2CH3 derivative and the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a relationship between structure and antimycobacterial activity of the compounds. Two descriptors, nucleophilic superdelocalizability of carbon atom and pi-hydrophobic constant, were necessary to describe this relationship.

In vitro trypanocidal activities of a novel series of N, N-dimethyl-2-propen-1-amine derivative.

The trypanocidal activity of several 3-(4'-bromo-[1,1-biphenyl]-4-yl) -3-(4-X-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-propen-1-amine derivatives of the three evolutionary stages of Trypanosoma cruzi, namely the bloodstream trypomastigote form and both the proliferative epimastigote and amastigote forms, were studied. For both proliferative forms of T. cruzi, total lysis occurred at 10-60 microM for trypomastigotes at 40-200 muM. The following order of susceptibility was established: amastigotes > epimastigotes > trypomastigotes. The most were the bromo (X = g) and unsubstituted (X = b) compounds, which had 13- and 8-fold higher activity against trypomastigotes, respectively, than nifurtimox. Cytotoxicity in the Chinese hamster V-79 cell line, measured as inhibition of cell proliferation showed that all the compounds had the same range of IC50 (7.0-12.4 muM). The halogen (X = a,g,h) and the unsubstituted derivatives (X = b) were the least toxic in the series together with the compound (X = f).

The use of Histoacryl in endodontics.

The oral environment is one of the most complex systems of the human body. It is populated by a variety of microorganisms, with some of the species still not classified. Tissue adhesives, such as cyanoacrylates, have been used in dentistry and in medicine because of their adhesiveness potential to the human tissue, even in the presence of moisture, their biological compatibility, surface isolation, hemostatic properties and bacteriostatic features. Based on these observations, the authors investigated the use of a tissue adhesive (Histoacryl; Laboratório Braun, RJ, Brazil) with the purpose of sealing the remaining dentin, especially in endodontically treated molars and premolars. The results strongly suggest that Histoacryl controls micro-leakage of oral fluids at the filling/tooth interface.